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1、PauldeManIN_SIGHT~EssaysintheRhetoricofContemporaryCriticismNEWYORKOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS1971Copyright?I97IbyPauldeManLibraryofCongressCatalogueCardNumber:77-83oiIPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaCetteperpetuelleerreur,quiestprecisementla"vie"...PROUSTForewordThegroupofessaysb
2、roughttogetherinthisvolumeclaimsinnowaytobeacontributiontothehistoryofcriticismortoofferasurvey,howeversketchy,ofthetrendsthatmakeuppresent-dayliterarycriticisminEurope.Itisconcernedwithadifferentproblem.Eachessaydealswithaquestionofliteraryunderstandingbutnoneapproachesthisq
3、uestioninasystematicway.Theywerewrittenforspecificoccasions-conferences,lec?tures,homages-andreflectintereststhatareboundtooccurtosomeonewhoseteachinghasbeenmoreorlessevenlydividedbetweentheUnitedStatesandEurope.Thetopicswerechosenbecauseofaspontaneous,sometimespersonal,inter
4、estinapar?ticularcritic,withouttryingtopresentacomprehensiveselection.Manyessaysareby-productsofamoreextensivestudyofroman?ticandpost-romanticliteraturethatdoesnotdealwithcriticism.Therecurrentpatternthatemergeswasestablishedi~~~ecf7andanyresemblanceto~l?!~.:::~"~1gJ?!L~-h~dt
5、heoriesofTiteraryinter-fpretationisentirelycoincidentalor,intlie~terminologyofthebook,!1blind.IhavemadenoattempttobringtheterminologyoftheVllviiiFOREWORDearlieressaysuptodateand,exceptforminorchanges,haveleftthemastheywereoriginallywritten.Istressthesomewhatunsystematicaspect
6、ofthevolumeinordertodispelafalseimpressionthatcouldbecreatedbytheemphasisoncriticismattheexpenseofgeneralliterature.Myin-t~resLin~.critifi?Il!_i~~?!:IJJo~~clii?:~!~-t9~111Yint~E~s~}I?:E~!B}aqrJiterary~t~.xts~JustasIdisclaimanyattempttocontributetoahistoryof~oderncriticism,Ife
7、elequallyremotefromascienceofcriticismthatwouldexistasanautonomousdiscipline.Mytentativegen?eralizationsarenotaimedtowardatheoryofcriticismbuttowardJi!~Iill:Y~l~Eg~i!g~jn~_.g~~l!eral.Theusualdistinctionsbetweenex-positorywritingonliteratureandthe"purely"literarylanguageofpoet
8、ryorfictionhavebeendeliberatelyblurred.Thechoiceofcriticswhoarealson
