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1、NUTRITIONALAPPROACHFORCATTLEFOOTCARE通過營養(yǎng)的辦法護理牛的體部感染性皮膚?。ǘ喾N因素引起的問題)INFECTIOUSSKINDISEASES(MULTIFACTORIALPROBLEM)DeepSlurry厚的泥漿泥漿漿漿Diseaseorganism病原生物WetHooves蹄部潮濕潮潮濕濕Spirochaete螺旋體屬LowOxygen氧氧氣含量低蹄疣(蹄部肉贅)FOOTWARTSHousingSystem圈舍條件Nutrition(Protein)營養(yǎng)(蛋白質(zhì))臨床上蹄部損傷由以下因素造成:CLINICALLESIONSINHOOFRESULTFRO
2、M:POORHORNQUALITY角質(zhì)質(zhì)量差DEPENDSON決決定于QUALITYEPIDERMALTISSUES表皮組織的質(zhì)量營養(yǎng)Keratinization角質(zhì)化Nutrition{IntercellularSubstances細(xì)胞間的物質(zhì)HORNQUALITY角質(zhì)質(zhì)量角質(zhì)蛋白絲和相關(guān)的蛋白*Keratinfilamentsandassociatedproteins通過二硫鍵的交叉聯(lián)接形成交織基質(zhì)*Crosslinkagesbydisulphidebondstoformkeratinmasses細(xì)胞間的粘接基質(zhì)*Intercellularcementingsubstances需要的營養(yǎng)
3、物質(zhì)REQUIREDNUTRIENTS含硫氨基酸,胱氨酸,蛋氨酸和組氨酸*Sulphurcontainingaminoacids,cystine,methionineandhistidine*FattyAcids脂肪酸*Calcium,Zinc鈣,鋅*Biotin生物素精料喂量與蹄病CONCENTRATEFEEDINGANDHOOFDISORDERS大量的淀粉或纖維飼料供給有限導(dǎo)致蹄病LargeamountofNoEffect無效StarchorrestrictedfibreleadsBergstenandFrank(1998)tohoofdisordersOlssonetal.(1998)
4、Peterseetal.(1989)LiversayandFleming(1980)MansonandLever(1988)(Concretecubicles)(混凝土隔間)RubberMats橡膠墊(TieStall)(拴系欄位)適應(yīng)PH值變化規(guī)律的瘤胃發(fā)酵形式RUMENFERMENTATIONPATTERNSASACONSEQUENCEOFADAPTIONDUETOpHREGULATION80克60分子(40%)MO20LAR(%0)7.26.86.46.05.65.24.8RUMENpH瘤胃PHACETICACIDPROPIONICACIDLACTICACID醋酸丙酸乳酸放牧飼喂苜蓿草
5、加少量玉米青貯的奶牛的24間的瘤胃PH值變化情況CHANGESOFRUMENpHTHROUGHOUTA24HOURPERIODINDAIRYCOWSFEDCLOVERPASTUREPLUSSMALLAMOUNTSOFMAIZESILAGE7Cloverpasture苜蓿草Pasture+Silage6.7苜蓿草加青貯6.4pH6.15.85.5048101216182024Time(h)時間(小時)(Stockdale,1994)導(dǎo)致板炎的原因(事件的結(jié)果導(dǎo)致板炎)SEQUENCEOFEVENTSLEADINGTOLAMINITISNutrition營養(yǎng)Excessivegrain谷物過多F
6、inelychoppedforage粗料切割過細(xì)Sluggrainfeeding谷物懶漢喂法(谷物飼喂次數(shù)過少)LacticAcidProduction產(chǎn)生乳酸DecreasedpHPH值下降革蘭氏陰性菌死亡和內(nèi)毒素釋放Deathofgramnegativebacteria&endotoxinreleaseInfectiousDiseases傳染病組胺Environment環(huán)境Metritis子宮炎HistamineStress應(yīng)激Mastitis乳房炎Concussion震動FootRot蹄腐爛Trauma外傷(創(chuàng)傷)Vaso-constraction/dilation血管收縮/擴張Lam
7、inaedestruction板層破壞Hoofdeterioration蹄部變質(zhì)LAMINITIS板炎微生物氮流入干奶牛和泌乳奶牛十二指腸的預(yù)測PREDICTIONOFMICROBIALNITROGENFLOWSTOTHEDUODENUMINDRYANDLACTATINGCOWS(FromFirkinetal.1998)N.R.C.回歸直干奶牛泌如日糧500N.R.C.RegressionDryLactati