語法內(nèi)容提要1

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1、語法內(nèi)容提要〈1〉可數(shù)名詞，指兩個以上的人或事物時，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化如下表：變化規(guī)律情況詞尾變化例詞例外規(guī)則變化一般情況加—sbook→booksgirl→girls以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞加—esclass→classesbox→boxeswatch→watcheswish→wishes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加—esparty→partiescity→cities以o結(jié)尾的詞加—eshero→heroes,tomato→tomatoesNegro→Negroesphoto

2、→photosradio→radioespiano→pianoscuckoo→cuckoos以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞變f為v再加—esleaf→leavesknif→knivesshelf→shelveswife→wivesroof→roofsscarf→scarfshandkerchief→handkerchiefs不規(guī)則變化詞形不變sheep→sheepfish→fishdeer→deerChinese→Chinese不規(guī)則特殊變化變元音man→menfoot→feettooth→teeth不規(guī)則只有復(fù)

3、數(shù)clothes,chopsticks,compasses名詞復(fù)數(shù)的讀音規(guī)列表如下表：構(gòu)成法讀音例詞在詞末加—s1.–s在清輔音后發(fā)：〔s〕音desk—desks[desks]cake—cakes[keiks]map—maps[m?ps]cup—cups[k?ps]2.–s在濁輔音和元音后發(fā)〔z〕音worker—workers['w?:k?z]day—days[deiz]poiano—pianos[pi'?n?uz]mile—miles[mailz]3.–……1構(gòu)成法讀音例詞詞末加—s3①-s在清輔音

4、后〔ts〕后發(fā)：②–s在濁輔音d后發(fā)〔dz〕cat—cats[k?ts]hand—hands[h?ndz]hat—hats[h?ts]bird—birds[b?:dz]在詞末加-(e)s1.以[s][z][?][t?][d?]音結(jié)尾詞后加–es2.如詞末為e只加–s-(e)s讀音發(fā)[iz]1.class—classes[kla:siz]bus—buses['b?siz]box—boxes[b?ksiz]bush—bushes[bu?iz]brush—brushes[br??iz]watch—watch

5、es[w?t?iz]buzz—buzzes[b?ziz]vase—vases[vɑ:ziz]2.page—pages[peid?iz]horse—horses[h?:siz]orange—oranges['?rind?iz]如詞末為-f或-fe，一般變?yōu)?ves—ves讀作—ves讀作[vz]shelf—shelves[?elvz]life—lives[laivz]knife—knives[naivz]leaf—leaves[li:vz]wife—wives[waivz]如詞末為輔音加y，則變y為i再

6、加-es—ies讀作[iz]party—parties['pɑ:tiz]city—cities['sitiz]factory—factories['f?kt?riz]family—families['f?miliz]如詞末為輔音+o則加-es—es讀作[z]herp—heroes['hi?r?us]potato—potatoes[p?'teit?uz]tomato—tomatoes[t?'ma:t?uz]Negro—Negroes['ni:gr?uz]少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的名詞只加s—s讀[z]photo—p

7、hotos['f?ut?uz]piano—pianos[pi'?n?uz]radio—radioz['reidi?uz]cuckoo—cuckoos['ku:ku:z]英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的列表于下：構(gòu)成法例詞及讀音①.變內(nèi)部元音man[m?n]—men[men]woman['wum?n]—women['wimin]foot[fut]—feet[fi:t]tooth[tu:θ]—teeth[ti:θ]mouse[maus]—mice[mais]②2構(gòu)成法例詞及讀音②.形式不變sheep—s

8、heep[?i?p]deer—deer[di?]fish—fish[fi?]①.詞末加-enox[?ks]—oxen['?ks?n]注：child[t?aild]—children['t?ildr?n]②.外來詞從拉丁文借用來的名詞仍保留其原來的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。crisis['kraisis]—crises['kraisi:z](危機)危機phenomenon[fi'n?min?n]—phenomena[fi'n?min?]現(xiàn)象stratum['strei