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《The Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching》由會員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在行業(yè)資料-天天文庫。
1、TheOralApproachandSituationalLanguageTeachingBackground:Theoralapproachwasdevelopedfromthe1930stothe1960sbyBritishappliedlinguistssuchasHaroldPalmerandA.S.Hornsby,whoattemptedtoformallydevelopascientifically-foundedapproachtoteachingEnglish.Anumberoflarge-scaleinvestigationsaboutlanguage
2、learningandtheincreasedemphasisonreadingskillsinthe1920sledtothenotionof"vocabularycontrol".Paralleltothiswasthenotionof"grammarcontrol".VocabularyContralOneoftheoutstandingfeaturesofthemethodisitsemphasisonvocabularyandreadingskillslearning.Thisledtothedevelopmentofprinciplesofvocabular
3、ycontrol.Frequencycountsshowedthatacoreofabout2000wordsoccurredfrequentlyinwrittentextandthatamasteryofsuchaninventorywouldleadtobetterreadingskills.GrammarControlItemphasizedthesentencepatternsmost-commonlyfoundinspokenconversation,verydifferentfromtheabstractmodelofgrammarseenintheGram
4、mar-TranslationMethod.Suchpatternswereincorporatedintodictionariesandhandbooksforstudents.Themaincharacteristicsoftheapproachwereasfollow:Languageteachingbeginswiththespokenlanguage.Materialistaughtorallybeforeitispresentedinwrittenform.Thetargetlanguageisthelanguageoftheclassroom.Newlan
5、guagepointsareintroducedandpracticedsituationally.Vocabularyselectionproceduresarefollowedtoensurethatanessentialgeneralservicevocabularyiscovered.Itemsofgrammararegradedfollowingtheprinciplethatsimpleformsshouldbetaughtbeforecomplexones.Readingandwritingareintroducedonceasufficientlexic
6、alandgrammaticalbasisisestablished.ApproachTheoryoflanguage:canbecharacterizedasatypeofBritish“structuralism.”Speechwasregardedasthebasisoflanguage,andstructurewasviewedasbeingattheheartofspeakingability.Theoryoflearning:isatypeofbehavioristhabit-learningtheory.Itaddressesprimarilythepro
7、cessesratherthantheconditionsoflearning.Forexample,citesPalmer’sviewsasauthoritative:AsPalmerhaspointedouttherearethreeprocessesinlearningalanguage-receivingtheknowledgeormaterials,fixingitinthememorybyrepetition,andusingitinactualpracticeuntilitbecomesapersonalskill.Desi
