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1、THECLASSICOFFILIALPIETY??XiaoJing[HsiaoChing]ITheScopeandMeaningoftheTreatise(Once),whenZhongNi1wasunoccupied,andhisdiscipleZeng2wassittingbyinattendanceonhim,theMastersaid,"Theancientkingshadaperfectvirtueandall-embracingruleofconduct,throughwhichtheywereinaccordwithallunderheaven.Bythepracti
2、ceofitthepeoplewerebroughttoliveinpeaceandharmony,andtherewasnoill-willbetweensuperiorsandinferiors.Doyouknowwhatitwas?"Zengrosefromhismatandsaid,"HowshouldI,Shen,whoamsodevoidofintelligence,beabletoknowthis?"TheMastersaid,"(Itwasfilialpiety.)Nowfilialpietyistherootof(all)virtue,3and(thestem)o
3、utofwhichgrows(allmoral)teaching.Sitdownagain,andIwillexplainthesubjecttoyou.Ourbodies—toeveryhairandbitofskin—arereceivedbyusfromourparents,andwemustnotpresumetoinjureorwoundthem.Thisisthebeginningoffilialpiety.Whenwehaveestablishedourcharacterbythepracticeofthe(filial)course,soastomakeournam
4、efamousinfutureagesandtherebyglorifyourparents,thisistheendoffilialpiety.Itcommenceswiththeserviceofparents;itproceedstotheserviceoftheruler;itiscompletedbytheestablishmentofcharacter."ItissaidintheMajorOdesoftheKingdom:Everthinkofyourancestor,Cultivatingyourvirtue."4?Notes1Thisisthezior"style
5、"ofConfucius.2ZengZispeaksinfourteensayingsintheAnalects,e.g.,1.4.Henameshimselfabitlaterbyhismingor"givenname,"Shen.Hisnameistraditionallyassociatedwiththevirtueoffilialpiety;see,forexample,Analects1.9&19.17&18.3"Allvirtue"meansthefivevirtuousprinciples,theconstituentsofhumanity:benevolence,r
6、ighteousness,propriety,knowledge,andfidelity.4ShiIII,i,ode1,stanza6,p.431.Mao235.IIFilialPietyintheSonofHeavenTheMastersaid,"Hewholoveshisparentswillnotdare(toincurtheriskof)beinghatedbyanyman,andhewhorevereshisparentswillnotdare(toincurtheriskof)beingcontemnedbyanyman.1Whentheloveandreverence
7、(oftheSonofHeaven)arethuscarriedtotheutmostintheserviceofhisparents,thelessonsofhisvirtueaffectallthepeople,andhebecomesapatternto(allwithin)thefourseas.ThisisthefilialpietyoftheSonofHeaven."Itissaidin(theMarquisof)FuonPunishments:TheOn
