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1、關于高粱胚乳細胞發(fā)育的研究王忠,顧蘊潔,王慧慧,鄭彥坤,王玲玲,李棟梁(揚州大學生物科學與技術學院,江蘇揚州225009)摘要:本試驗以高粱KS-304品種為材料,主要釆用光學顯微鏡、透射電鏡和掃描電鏡相結合的觀察技術研究胚乳細胞的發(fā)育,取得如下創(chuàng)新結果:(1)發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)胚乳細胞胞質中有1至數(shù)個產(chǎn)生淀粉體的發(fā)生中心。發(fā)生中心位于核膜旁。山發(fā)生中心產(chǎn)生許多雙層被膜的質體管。淀粉在質體管基質屮合成并形成淀粉粒,質體管因淀粉粒膨大離開發(fā)生中心而成為淀粉體。(2)內(nèi)胚乳細胞在發(fā)育過程屮發(fā)生核形變和核衰亡等現(xiàn)彖,在核形變和
2、哀亡過程屮淀粉體仍能生長。(3)胚乳傳遞細胞發(fā)育有明顯的時空性:靠胚乳腔的胚乳表層細胞最先分化為傳遞細胞,然后依次向內(nèi)胚乳方向分化;細胞壁加厚和壁內(nèi)突發(fā)育的程度由表層傳遞細胞向內(nèi)依次降低;內(nèi)突的伸展方向一般從胚乳腔指向內(nèi)胚乳。(4)發(fā)現(xiàn)微管和一種新的細胞器參與壁內(nèi)突的形成,這種新型細胞器有管狀小胞組成。(5)高粱胚乳外層只有一層糊粉層細胞。糊粉層細胞中除含有糊粉粒和脂質體外,還含有少量的淀粉體。這些淀粉體是由原分布在核旁質體積累淀粉后發(fā)育而成的。(6)胚旁細胞在穎果發(fā)育早期尚能分裂生長;隨著穎果的發(fā)育和胚的生
3、長,胚旁細胞依次消亡,所占胚乳的比例逐漸減少;最終胚旁細胞部位全被胚占有關鍵詞:植物學;高粱;內(nèi)胚乳細胞;胚乳傳遞細胞;糊粉層細胞;胚旁細胞;淀粉體中圖分類號:944.46InvestigationoftheSorghumendospermcelldevelopmentWangZhong,GuYunjie,WangHuihui,ZhengYankun,WangLingling,LiDongliang(CollegeofBioscienceandBiotechnology,YangzhouUniversity,
4、JiangSuYangZhou225009)Abstract:SorghumKS-304istheexperimentalmaterialusedinthispaper,anditsendospermcelldevelopmentisobservedmainlybythecombinationoflightmicroscopes,transmissionelectronmicroscopes(TEM)andscanningelectronmicroscopes(SEM).Theinnovativeresult
5、sareasfollows:(l)Thereisoneorseveraloccuirencecentersofamyloplastsinstarchyendospermcytoplasm.Occurrencecenterliesbesidenuclearmembrane?Occurrencecenterproducesmanyplastidtubesofdoublelayersofmembranes.Starchissynthesizedinplastidtubecytoplasmandformsstcirc
6、hgranules,then,plastidtubesleaveoccurrencecenterduetostarchgranule'senlargementandformamyloplasts.(2)Starchyendospermcellsundergonucleardeformationanddegeneration,duringthedevelopment,whileamyloplastsstillgrowduringthenecleardeformationanddegeneration.(3)En
7、dospe「mtransfercelldevelopmenthasobviouscharactersofspaceandtime:theendospermepidermalcellsclosetoendospermcavityarefirstlydifferentiatedintotransfercells,foilwedbytheinnerendospermgradually;cellwallthickeningandwallingrowthsbecomeslessandlessfromepidermalt
8、ransfercellstotheinner;thegeneralextendingdirectionofwallingroMhisfromendospermcavitytoinnerendosperm.(4)Mici?o(iibulesandaneworganellethatconsistsoftubularsmallvesiclestakepartinwallingrowthformation.