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1、關(guān)于玉米胚乳細(xì)胞發(fā)育的研究王忠，顧蘊(yùn)潔，王慧慧，李棟梁，鄭彥坤，張春良(揚(yáng)州大學(xué)生物科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院，江蘇揚(yáng)州225009)摘要：玉米胚乳細(xì)胞的發(fā)育狀況決怎著籽粒的重量和品質(zhì)。本試驗(yàn)用光鏡和電鏡觀察了玉米胚乳細(xì)胞發(fā)育過程中的結(jié)構(gòu)變化，得到如下結(jié)果：(1)玉米初牛胚乳組織縱切面似瓢形。瓢柄與反足細(xì)胞組成的胚乳吸器插入珠心組織。(2)玉米珠心組織的壽命較長，要到授粉后10d時才全部消亡。珠心組織對初期胚乳的哺育起著重要的作用。(3)胚乳的質(zhì)地與淀粉體的充實(shí)有關(guān)。處在穎果中上部周緣的胚乳淀粉體充實(shí)好，呈多面體形，使胚乳成為角質(zhì)；處
2、在胚乳屮央部的淀粉體充實(shí)差，呈球形，使胚乳成為粉質(zhì)。(4)內(nèi)胚乳細(xì)胞在發(fā)育過程屮出現(xiàn)核形變和衰亡等現(xiàn)象。在核形變和衰亡過程中淀粉體仍能生長。(5)胚乳傳遞細(xì)胞發(fā)育有明顯的時空性：靠基部維管束的胚乳表層細(xì)胞最先分化成傳遞細(xì)胞，然后依次向內(nèi)分化；傳遞細(xì)胞壁加厚和壁內(nèi)突發(fā)育的程度由表層向內(nèi)依次降低；(6)玉米胚乳育1?2層糊粉層。糊粉層的細(xì)胞核在穎果的發(fā)育的過程中不衰亡。(7)胚旁細(xì)胞隨著胚的生長依次消亡，最終胚旁細(xì)胞部位被胚占有。(8)糊粉層和有色層的形成與“灌漿廢物”分別在胞乳農(nóng)層細(xì)胞和珠心突起細(xì)胞中的積聚有關(guān)。玉米胚乳轉(zhuǎn)移
3、細(xì)胞及其珠心細(xì)胞積聚“灌漿廢物”較多，使穎果棊部產(chǎn)生黑色層。關(guān)鍵詞：植物學(xué)；玉米；內(nèi)胚乳細(xì)胞；胚乳傳遞細(xì)胞；糊粉層細(xì)胞；胚旁細(xì)胞；淀粉體中圖分類號：944.46InvestigationoftheMaizeEndospermCellDevelopmentWangZhong,GuYunjie,WangHuihui,LiDongliang,ZhengYankun,ZhangChunliang(CollegeofBioscicnccandBiotechnology,JiangSuYangZhou225009)Abstract:D
4、evelopmentofmaizeendospermcelldeterminesseedweightandquality.Inthispaper,structurechangesofmaizeendospermcellsduringthedevelopmentareobservedunderlightandelectronmicroscopes?Theexperimentalresultsareasfollows:(1)Thelongitudinalinitialendospermtissueshaveagourdshap
5、e?Endospermabsorbingapparatusconsistedofthestipeandantipodalcellsinsertsnucellartissues.(2)Maizenucellartissueshavealongerlife-span,anddegenerateentirelyat10daysafterpollination.Nucellartissuesplayanimportantpartinnurtureofinitialendosperm?(3)Endospermqualityisrel
6、atedtoamyloplastfilling.Endospermamyloplastsinmiddleanduppercaryopsissurroundingedgearefilledwell,haveapolyhedronshape,andmakeendospermhornincss;amyloplastsincenterendospermarcfilledbadly,haveasphericshape,andmakeendospermpowder.(4)Duringthestarchyendospermcelldev
7、elopment,therearenucleardistorting,degeneratingandetal.phenomena.Amyloplastsstillgrowwhennucleidistortanddegenerate?(5)Endospermtransfercelldevelopmenthasobvioustimeandspacecharacters:endospermepidennalcellsnearvascularbundlesfirstlydifferentiateintotransfercellsa
8、ndthentheinnercellsdifferentiate;transfercellwallthickeningandwallingrowthdecreasefromthesurfaceareatothecenter;(6)Endospermofmaizehas1?2layersofaleuron
