實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)(DOE)於製程與品質(zhì)改善之應(yīng)用

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1、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)(DOE)於製程與品質(zhì)改善之應(yīng)用講師：洪弘祈副教授朝陽科技大學(xué)工業(yè)工程與管理系資料來源：講義中部分圖片、表格、範(fàn)例擷取自Montgomery,D.C.,2001.DesignandAnalysisofExperiments,5thEdition,(JohnWiley&Sons:NewYork)一書。Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining2實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?&1DOE簡介對y影響最大的變數(shù)為何？如何設(shè)定x1,x2,…,xp使y值趨近最佳值？如何設(shè)定x1,x2,…,xp使y值得變異最小？如何設(shè)定x1,x2,…,xp使不可控制因素z1,z2,…,zp之影響最??？

2、Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining3一般實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行方式Best-guessapproachNoGood,GuessAgainSwitchingthelevelsofone(perhapstwo)factorsforthenexttestbasedontheoutcomeofthecurrenttestGoodEnough,Stop!On-factor-at-a-timeSelectingabaselinestartingpointVaryingeachfactoroveritsrangewiththeotherfactorsheldconstantatt

3、hebaselinelevelInteractionsruineverythingHorng-ChyiHorngDOETraining4One-factoratatime之方法Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining5Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining6實(shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)劃法(DOE)在一個(gè)或連串的試驗(yàn)中刻意地改變製程輸入?yún)?shù)值,以便觀察並找出影響製程輸出變數(shù)之因素.應(yīng)用:改進(jìn)製程產(chǎn)出率降低製程變異,改善產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)降低研發(fā)時(shí)間降低總體成本評估各種可行之設(shè)定值評估各替代原料確定影響產(chǎn)品特性之因素Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining7Exam

4、ple:OptimizingaProcessHorng-ChyiHorngDOETraining8基本原則複製(Replication)估計(jì)自然誤差中央極限定理隨機(jī)化(Randomization)“Averagingout”theeffectsfromuncontrollablevariables區(qū)隔化(Blocking)增進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)之精確度Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining9DOE之程序問題之認(rèn)知與陳述選擇因子與其水準(zhǔn)選擇反應(yīng)變數(shù)選擇適當(dāng)之實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)執(zhí)行實(shí)驗(yàn)資料分析結(jié)論與建議Follow-uprunandconfirmationtestIterativeN

5、omorethan25%ofavailableresourcesshouldbeinvestedinthefirstexperimentHorng-ChyiHorngDOETraining10Notes使用統(tǒng)計(jì)以外之專業(yè)知識實(shí)驗(yàn)之設(shè)計(jì)與分析應(yīng)愈簡單愈好實(shí)驗(yàn)之統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果與現(xiàn)實(shí)上之差異成本技術(shù)時(shí)間實(shí)驗(yàn)通常是遞迴式的前幾次實(shí)驗(yàn)通常只是學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)而已Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining11實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)之種類單因子實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)VarianceModel單因子區(qū)隔設(shè)計(jì)二因子實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)二水準(zhǔn)階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)二水準(zhǔn)部分階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)三水準(zhǔn)階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)三水準(zhǔn)部分階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)反應(yīng)曲面技術(shù)H

6、orng-ChyiHorngDOETraining12因子篩選(ScreeningExperiments)二水準(zhǔn)部分階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)Plackett-BurmanDesignGroup-ScreeningDesigns特定區(qū)間二水準(zhǔn)階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)二水準(zhǔn)部分階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)三水準(zhǔn)階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)三水準(zhǔn)部分階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)混合設(shè)計(jì)最佳化(Optimizing)反應(yīng)曲面技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)之種類(AnotherProspect)Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining13&2變異數(shù)分析(ANOVA)Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining14決策模式若F0>Fa,a-1,a(n

7、-1)，則不同之因子水準(zhǔn)對反應(yīng)變數(shù)有影響。反之，則無影響。a為相對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining15Example：紙張強(qiáng)度之研究Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining16因?yàn)镕0>F0.01,3,20=4.96，所以，在a=0.01下，不同之因子水準(zhǔn)對反應(yīng)變數(shù)有影響。亦即，有足夠的證據(jù)證明，Hardwood之含量對紙張之強(qiáng)度有影響。ANOVA表格Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining17&3二因子實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)二因子無交互作用Horng-ChyiHorngDOETraining18二因子