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1、外文翻譯9原文ServicesTradeandGrowthMaterialSource:TheWorldBankAuthor:BernardHoekmanAadityaMattooIntroductionOneofthestylizedfactsofeconomicdevelopmentisthattheshareofservicesinGDPandemploymentrisesaspercapitaincomeincreases.Inthelowest-incomecountries,servicesgeneratesome35percentof
2、GDP.Thisrisestoover70percentofnationalincomeandemploymentinOECDcountries.Theexpansionintheservices-intensityofeconomiesisdrivenbyanumberoffactors.Standardexplanationsrevolvearoundbothdemandandsupplysidefactors,includingincomeelasticitiesofdemandforservicesthatexceedone,limited
3、scopeforlaborproductivityimprovementsinthesupplyofconsumer(finalproduct)services,andtheriseindemandforcoordinationandintermediationservicesassociatedwithstructuralchange(shiftoutofsubsistenceagriculture,urbanization,changesinbusinesspractices)andtheexpansionoftheextentofthemar
4、ket,aswellasincentivesforfirmsandgovernmentbodiestospinoffserviceactivitiestospecializedproviders(outsourcing).Advancesininformationandcommunicationtechnologiesareincreasinglypermittingcross-border-disembodied-tradeinlabor-intensiveservices,acceleratingthegrowthofservicesactiv
5、ities.Thecompetitivenessoffirmsinopeneconomiesisincreasinglydeterminedbyaccesstolow-costandhigh-qualityproducerservicestelecommunications,transportanddistributionservices,financialintermediation,etc.Aswellastheefficiencyandeffectivenessofpublicgovernanceandinstitutions.Thewide
6、lyremarkeduponprocessesvariouslycalledglobaloutsourcing,fragmentation,productionsharing,andoffshoringdependonaccessto,andthecostandqualityof,servicespublicandprivate.Whiletheexpandingimportanceofservicesintheeconomyhascertainlybeennoticed,servicesdonotfigureprominentlyinresear
7、choneconomicgrowthanddevelopment.Thesameistrueintheinternationaltradeliterature,althougharapidlyincreasingamountofresearchhasfocusedonthelinkagesbetweenservicestrade,service-relatedpoliciesandeconomicperformance.Theaimofthispaperisto9provideabriefreviewofsomeoftherecentliterat
8、ureonthesesubjects,focusingprimarilyonservicesthatareinputsin
