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1、主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+done”構(gòu)成。不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的差異主要體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be的變化上,同時(shí)be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。在將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),可按以下三個(gè)步驟:a.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。b.把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+done),并根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式。c.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語,將主格改為賓格。在無須說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),by短語可以省略。例如: 1.WespeakChines
2、e.→Chineseisspokenbyus.2.Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.3.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory. 含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí),應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)賓語改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語,另一個(gè)賓語仍保留在原處。一種情況是把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)橹髡Z,直接賓語(指物)不變;另一種情況是把直接賓語(指物)變?yōu)橹髡Z,間接賓語(指人)不變,這時(shí),間接賓語前通
3、常加介詞to,有時(shí)加for。例如: Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday. →Iwasgivenanewbook(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(間接賓語作了主語)→Anewbookwasgiventome(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(直接賓語作了主語)常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有:givesb.sth./givesth.tosb.showsb.sth./showsth.tosb.sendsb.sth./sendsth.tosb.bringsb.sth
4、./bringsth.tosb.passsb.sth./passsth.tosb.lendsb.sth./lendsth.tosb.buysb.sth./buysth.forsb.makesb.sth./makesth.forsb.getsb.sth./getsth.forsb.singsb.sth./singsth.forsb. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done”構(gòu)成,例如: Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepaired
5、intwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.含有感官動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí),原來不帶to的感官動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后,to仍要還原,例如:Hesawagirlplayinthenextroom.→Thegirlisseentoplaybyhiminthenextroom.Wehearourteachersingintheoffice.→Ourteacherisheardtosingintheoffice. 練習(xí):將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài): 1.Weoftens
6、ingthissong. _____________________________________________________________ 2.Hebrokehisleginthematch. ______________________________________________________________ 3.Shewillsellherhousesoon. ______________________________________________________________ 4.H
7、eisrepairingthemachine. ______________________________________________________________ 5.Hehasfinishedhiswork. ______________________________________________________________ 6.WecallhimLaoWang. _____________________________________________________________ 7.
8、Wemustdosomethingtohelpher. _____________________________________________________________ 8.Whatdidyousayatthemeeting? ____________________________________________________