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1、農業(yè)環(huán)境科學學報2012,31(1):161—165JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience北方濱海鹽堿地冬季咸水結冰灌溉對菊芋生長及離子分布的影響隆小華,倪妮,金善釗,劉兆普+(南京農業(yè)大學資源與環(huán)境科學學院,南京210095)摘要:為探討冬季咸水結冰灌溉對河北省濱海平原區(qū)鹽堿土的土壤鹽分變化以及對菊芋生長的影響,在冬季利用地下苦咸水對河北海興鹽堿地進行咸水結冰灌溉試驗,設冬灌覆膜處理,其中包括膜上挖孔直接播種處理(T1)和揭膜播種再覆膜處理(T2),以無冬灌+覆膜處理作為第一對照(CKl),不冰灌和不覆膜的小區(qū)作為第二對照(CK2o結果表
2、明,冬季灌溉咸水結冰、春季咸水冰融化入滲后土壤各層次脫鹽效果明顯,播種期T1和12處理的0-5cm、5-20cm表層土壤含鹽量較CKI和CK2分別降低了41.9%、65.0%、46.5%、67.7%、29.9%、47.1%,40.8%和55.3%,在菊芋播種期耕層土壤含鹽量降低到0.6%左右,T1和他單位產(chǎn)量分別較CKI和CK2高54%、115%、97%和175%,T1和他處理下Na+和cl一含量較CKl和CK2顯著降低,而K+含量和K悄a弋皎CKI和CK2顯著增高。通過冬季咸水結冰灌溉和覆膜措施可以確保土壤鹽分下降,從而降低了鹽分對菊芋生長的毒害作用,使菊芋產(chǎn)量得
3、到顯著提高。關鍵詞:濱海鹽土;土壤鹽漬化;咸水結冰灌溉;菊芋中圖分類號:S156.4文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1672—2043(2012)01-0161-05EffectofFreezingSalineWaterIrrigationinWinteronGrowthandIonDistributionofHe//anthUStuberosusL.inNorthCoastalSalineSoilLONGXiao--hua,NINi,JINShan-zhao,LIUZhao-pu+(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciencesofN
4、AU,Nanjing210095,China)Abstract:SoilsalinizationandfreshwatershortagesaremajorlimitingfactorsforcropproductionsandenvironmentalrehabilitationincoastalplainsaroundtheBohaiSea.Improvingsalinesoilsinsuchareascangreatlybenefitagriculturalproductionsandenvironmentalpm.teetioninthecontextoff
5、asteconomicdevelopmentacrossthecoastalzonesoftheBohaiSea.Basedonthemechanismofwaterdesalinizationbyfreezingandthawingprocesses,afieldexperimentWasdesignedandconductedtoinvestigatethewaterandsaltdynamicofcoastalsMinesoilwithfreezingsalinewaterirrigationinwinterovercoastalsalinesoilsinHa
6、ixingCounty,HebeiProvince.Atotalof160tonisalinewaterWasappliedtoexperimentalplotsinJanuaryinyear2010,whichWasfrozenwellafterirrigationundertheconditionofalowertemperatureof一9.5℃.Thesoilsurfacewasmulchedwithplasticfilmaftertheinfiltrationofmeltedsalineicewaterinordertopreventsaltaccumul
7、ationin-dueedbyhishevaporationinspring.-11leplotsweredesignedasfollows:irrigationandplantdirectlywithdi鵲ingintoplasticfilmmulchingplotsasT1,irrigationandplasticfilmmulchingplotsasT2,noirrigationandmulchingplotsasCKI,noirrigationandnomulchingplotsasCK2.Inthisexperimentthe皿TuberosusWas