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1、20l4年5月地下水May.,2014第36卷第3期GroundWaterV01.36NO.3鳳灘水庫(kù)降雨預(yù)報(bào)精度分析及應(yīng)用研究喬雪苞,周蓉秀(湖南省鳳灘水力發(fā)電廠,湖南沅陵419621)[摘要]由于天氣預(yù)報(bào)有限準(zhǔn)確性,給水庫(kù)電站調(diào)度造成不便,使水庫(kù)效益難以充分發(fā)揮。分析鳳灘水庫(kù)流域天氣降雨預(yù)報(bào)精度,研究流域?qū)搅髡{(diào)節(jié)能力,探討預(yù)報(bào)精度對(duì)水庫(kù)調(diào)度決策的影響,探索運(yùn)用實(shí)時(shí)降雨預(yù)報(bào)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行水庫(kù)調(diào)度的方法。水庫(kù)調(diào)度決策,暴雨以上注重降雨過(guò)程,依據(jù)提前5天的降雨預(yù)報(bào);大雨注重降雨量值,依據(jù)提前4天的降雨預(yù)報(bào);中、小雨注重降雨起訖時(shí)間,以實(shí)
2、際降雨為依據(jù),優(yōu)化水庫(kù)水位控制,提高洪水資源利用率,為水庫(kù)創(chuàng)造可觀的效益。[關(guān)鍵詞】鳳灘水庫(kù);降雨預(yù)報(bào);精度分析;應(yīng)用研究[中圖分類號(hào)]P332.1[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A[文章編號(hào)]1004一l184(2014)03一O116—03ApplicationofPrecipitationForecastAnalysisonOperationofFengtanReservoirQiaoXuebao,ZhouRongxiu(FengtanHydroelectricPowerPlant,Yuanling41%21,Hunan)Abstract:D
3、uetotheaccuracylimitationofprecipitationforecast,reservoirpowerstationcantoperateeffectivelytocreateasmanyeconomicbenefitaspossible.Thestudy,therefore,makesananalysisontheaccuracyofprecipitationforecastforFengtantoexploretherunofregulationabilityofthedrainagebasinwher
4、eFengtanwaterreservoirlocates.Accordingly,theeffectofprecipita—tionforecastsaccuracyonreservoiroperationisdiscussedinthispaper.Moreover,real—timeprecipitationforecastproductionsareappliedinreservoiroperation.Resultsshowthatrainfallprocessisimportantwhenencounterrainst
5、orm,andreservoiroperationshouldaccordingtoprecipitationforecastforpreviousfivedays;rainfallisthekeyelementswhenencounterheavyrainandprecipi—tationforecastforpreviousfourdaysistheguidanceforreservoiroperation;startingandendingtimeareimportantwhenencountermoderateandlig
6、htrain,theactualrainfallismostimportant.Theapplicationhelpstooptimizecontrolofreservoirwaterleve,in—creasewaterresourceutilizationandbringbenefitstothereservoir.Keywords:Fengtanreservoir;precipitationforecast;accuracyanalysis;applicationresearch1基本情況2天氣預(yù)報(bào)精度分析鳳灘水庫(kù)位于位于沅
7、水主要支流酉水的下游,距河口482.1降雨量預(yù)報(bào)精度分析km,集水面積17500km,占酉水全流域面積的94.4%。水經(jīng)對(duì)天氣預(yù)報(bào)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行數(shù)字化后,再用傳統(tǒng)的方法,按庫(kù)庫(kù)區(qū)多年平均降雨量為l414mm,多年平均徑流量為159照無(wú)雨或小雨、中雨、大雨、暴雨四個(gè)等級(jí)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),對(duì)流域億m。流域內(nèi)洪水均由降雨形成。4—9月為汛期,年最大2003年至2叭0年(4—10月)降雨預(yù)報(bào)資料按短期、中期來(lái)洪水多出現(xiàn)在6—8月,以6—7月最多。洪水地區(qū)來(lái)源有流分別進(jìn)行降雨預(yù)報(bào)精度分析統(tǒng)計(jì),結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1。域性大洪水,有中下游洪水。由于流域多高山峻嶺,河谷
8、深表1天氣預(yù)報(bào)降雨量精度統(tǒng)計(jì)表窄,洪水集流迅速,峰高量大。洪水歷時(shí)一般為3—5天,多峰過(guò)程歷時(shí)可達(dá)10天。一次洪量一般在10億m,雙峰或多峰過(guò)程洪量可達(dá)30~50億m。鳳灘水庫(kù)總庫(kù)容17.33億m,調(diào)節(jié)庫(kù)容10.6億m,防經(jīng)上述分析可得出:洪庫(kù)容為