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1、WhatVerbalTicsMayBeSayingAboutUs說話前先鋪墊未必是好事Afriendofminerecentlystartedaconversationwiththesewords:'Don'ttakethisthewrongway...'不久,一位朋友在開始和我聊天時(shí)說了這么一句話:“別誤會(huì)啊…”IwishIcouldtellyouwhatshesaidnext.ButIwasn'tlistening--mybrainhadstalled.Iwasbracingforthesentencethatwouldfollowthatphrase,whichexperiencehas
2、taughtmeprobablywouldn'tbegood.我也希望我能告訴你她接下來說了什么,可是當(dāng)時(shí)我沒在聽——我的大腦停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了。我在為它接下來的那句話做準(zhǔn)備,經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我那大概不會(huì)是什么好話。Certainphrasesjustseemtocreepintoourdailyspeech.Wehearthemafewtimesandsuddenlywefindourselvesusingthem.Welikethewaytheysound,andwemayfindtheyareuseful.Theymaymakeiteasiertosaysomethingdifficultorbuyus
3、afewextrasecondstocollectournextthought.有些語句似乎悄悄潛入了我們?nèi)粘5难哉Z中。聽了幾次后,突然間我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己也在說那些話了。我們喜歡它們聽上去的感覺,也許還發(fā)現(xiàn)它們很有用。它們可能會(huì)使難以啟齒的話更容易說出口,或者為我們多贏得幾秒鐘時(shí)間去想想接下來的想法。Yetforthelistener,thesephrasesareconfusing.Theymakeitfairlyimpossibletounderstand,orevenaccuratelyhear,whatthespeakeristryingtosay.然而,對于聽者而言,這些語句卻讓人迷惑
4、不解。它們會(huì)讓你無法理解甚至是無法準(zhǔn)確地聽到說話人要說的是什么。Consider:'Iwantyoutoknow...'or'I'mjustsaying...'or'Ihatetobetheonetotellyouthis...'Often,thesephrasesimplytheoppositeofwhatthewordsmean,aswiththephrase,'I'mnotsaying...'asin'I'mnotsayingwehavetostopseeingeachother,but...'想想這些語句:“我想讓你知道…”、“我只是說…”或者“我真不想由我來告訴你這件事…”。這些語句
5、通常暗示出與它們表面意思相反的意味,好比“我并不是說我們不能再在一起了,可是…”中的“我并不是說…”。Takethissentence:'Iwanttosaythatyournewhaircutlooksfabulous.'Inonesense,it'strue:Thespeakerdoeswishtotellyouthatyourhairlooksgreat.Butdoesheorshereallythinkitissoorjustwanttosayit?It'sunclear.以“我想說,你的新發(fā)型太好看了”這句話為例。從某種意義上說,它是真話:說這句話的人確實(shí)想對你說你的新發(fā)型很好看。但
6、是,他或她是真的覺得如此還是只是“想”這么說呢?這就不清楚了。Languageexpertshavetextbooknamesforthesephrases--'performatives,'or'qualifiers.'Essentially,takenalone,theyexpressasimplethought,suchas'Iamwritingtosay...'Atfirst,theyseemharmless,formal,maybeevenpolite.Butcomingbeforeanotherstatement,theyoftensignalthatbadnews,orevens
7、omedishonestyonthepartofthespeaker,willfollow.語言專家們對此類語句有規(guī)范的稱呼——“施為句”或“修飾語”。單獨(dú)來看的話,基本上它們表達(dá)的只是一個(gè)簡單的想法,比如“我寫這封信是想告訴你…”。乍一看來,它們似乎是無惡意、正式的,或許還是彬彬有禮的。不過假如它們出現(xiàn)在另一句話之前,它們往往就預(yù)示著接下來有壞消息,或者是說話方有些不真誠。'Politeness