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1、Ch1???Hardware?System??of??Single?Chip?MicrocomputerlKeywords:微型計(jì)算機(jī)（Microcomputer）PC（PersonalComputer）機(jī)單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)（SingleChipMicrocomputer）中央處理單元（CPU，CentralProcessingUnit）輸入輸出（I/O，Input/Output）隨機(jī)存取存儲器（RAM，RandomAccessMemory）只讀存儲器ROM（Read-onlyMemory）專用寄存器（Sp
2、ecialFunctionRegister）程序計(jì)數(shù)器（PC，ProgramCounter）累加器（ACC，Accumulator）程序狀態(tài)字（PSW，ProgramStatusWord）堆棧指針（SP，StackPointer）時(shí)鐘電路（Clock?circuit）復(fù)位電路（Reset?circuit）電壓（Voltage）地線（Ground）lIntroduction:Thegeneric8031architecturesportsaHarvardarchitecture,whichcontains
3、twoseparatebusesforbothprogramanddata.So,ithastwodistinctivememoryspacesof64KX8sizeforbothprogramanddata.Itisbasedonan8bitcentralprocessingunitwithan8bitAccumulatorandanother8bitBregisterasmainprocessingblocks.Otherportionsofthearchitectureincludefew8bit
4、and16bitregistersand8bitmemorylocations.Each8031devicehassomeamountofdataRAMbuiltinthedeviceforinternalprocessing.Thisareaisusedforstackoperationsandtemporarystorageofdata.ThisbasearchitectureissupportedwithonchipperipheralfunctionslikeI/Oports,timers/co
5、unters,versatileserialcommunicationport.Soitisclearthatthis8031architecturewasdesignedtocatermanyrealtimeembeddedneeds.??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Thefollowinglistgivesthefeaturesofthe8031
6、architecture:#Optimized8bitCPUforcontrolapplications.#ExtensiveBooleanprocessingcapabilities.#64KProgramMemoryaddressspace.#64KDataMemoryaddressspace.#128bytesofonchipDataMemory.#32Bi-directionalandindividuallyaddressableI/Olines.#Two16bittimer/counters.
7、??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????#FullDuplexUART.???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????#6-source/5-vectorinterruptstructurewithpriorityl
8、evels.#Onchipclockoscillator.????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Nowyoumaybewonderingaboutthenonmentioningofmemoryspacemeantfortheprogramstorage,themostimportantp
