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1、定語從句學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):掌握并熟練運用定語從句在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who/whom/whose/which/that/as和關(guān)系副where/when/why/as。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。關(guān)系代詞:that:指代人或物,在從句中作主語、賓語或表語which:指代物或句子,在從句中作主語或賓語who:指代人,在從句中作主語或賓語whom:指代人,在從句中作賓語whose:指代人或物,在從句中只能作定語,后加名詞。as:指代句子,用于非限制性定語從句,偶爾指代人或物
2、(主要與thesame或such連用),as在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語;關(guān)系副詞:when指代時間,where指代地點,why指代原因,它們只能在從句中作狀語。why=forwhich where=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配) when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)1)Thisistheman___________________helpedme.2)Thedoctor__________________________youarelookingforisinthenextroom.3
3、)Doyouknowtheman____________nameisJack?4)Thisisthescientist______________inventionsarewell-known.5)Thebuilding___________________standsnearthegardenisourschool.6)Thisisthedictionary____________________Ineed..217)Hestilllivesintheroom_____________windowfacestothesouth.8)Canyoute
4、llmetheoffice____________________heworks?9)Thisisthehouse____________________weoncelived.定語從句使用要點:1、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用:一是找準(zhǔn)先行詞,二是看關(guān)系詞代表什么(人、物或句子等),三是看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的語法功能(作主語、賓語或狀語),或者說是用關(guān)系代詞,還是用關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。2.關(guān)系代詞that和which的選用:通常只能用that的情況:1)先行詞是all
5、,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代詞。2)先行詞被形容詞最高級以及序數(shù)詞,thelast,any,theonly,few,much,no,some,thevery等詞修飾。3)先行詞既有人又有物,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。4)that可指人或物,在從句中作表語,(指人作主語時多用who)僅用于限制性定語從句。1)Italmostseemedasifthegoodmanweretryingtoteachusall____________heknewinthislesson
6、.2)Thefirstthing______________weshoulddoisworkoutaplan.3)Theboyandthedog____________areinthepictureareverylovely.4)Thisisnolongertheplace____________itusedtobe.3.whose的用法:用來指人或物(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同the+n.+ofwhich互換)1)Theyrushedovertohelptheman_____________carhadbrokendown.2)Recently
7、IboughtanancientChinesevase,_______________________(=whoseprice)wasveryreasonable.214.關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別1)as和which都可以在定語從句中作主語或賓語,代表前面整個句子。如:Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.2)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外,as常常有“正如、正像”的含義。3)當(dāng)先行詞被such,thesame修飾時,關(guān)系詞常用
8、as。.注意:當(dāng)先行詞被thesame修飾時,偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句,但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別