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1、經(jīng)濟學基礎第六章練習答案問題與應用1.a.82.a.Thelawrequiringpeopletoeatoneappleadayincreasesthedemandforapples.AsshowninFigure6-1a,demandshiftsfromD1toD2,increasingthepricefromP1toP2,andincreasingquantityfromQ1toQ2.Figure6-1ab.Sincethepriceofapplesincreases,thevalueofmarginalproductincreasesforanygivenqu
2、antityoflabor.There'snochangeinthemarginalproductoflaborforanygivenquantityoflabor.However,sinceoutputincreasesasfirmshiremorelabor,themarginalproductoflabordecreases.c.AsFigure6-2ashows,theincreaseinthevalueofmarginalproductoflaborshiftsthedemandcurveoflaborfromD1toD2.Theequilibriumqu
3、antityoflaborrisesfromL1toL2,andthewagerisesfromw1tow2.Figure6-2a83.a.IfCongressweretobuypersonalcomputersforallAmericancollegestudents,thedemandforcomputerswouldincrease,raisingthepriceofcomputersandthusincreasingthevalueofmarginalproductofworkerswhoproducecomputers.ThisisshowninFigur
4、e6-3aasashiftinthedemandcurveforlaborfromD1toD2.Theresultisanincreaseinthewagefromw1tow2andanincreaseinthequantityoflaborfromL1toL2.Figure6-3ab.Ifmorecollegestudentsmajorinengineeringandcomputerscience,thesupplyoflaborinthecomputerindustryrises.ThisisshowninFigure6-4aasashiftinthesuppl
5、ycurvefromS1toS2.Theresultisadecreaseinthewagefromw1tow2andanincreaseinthequantityoflaborfromL1toL2.Figure6-4ac.Ifcomputerfirmsbuildnewmanufacturingplants,thisincreasesthemarginalproductoflaborandthevalueofthemarginalproductoflaborforanygivenquantityoflabor.ThisisshowninFigure6-5aasash
6、iftinthedemandcurveforlaborfromD1toD2.Theresultisanincreaseinthewagefromw1tow2andanincreaseinthequantityoflaborfromL1toL2.8Figure6-5a4.Sinceyouruncleismaximizinghisprofit,hemustbehiringworkerssuchthattheirwageequalsthevalueoftheirmarginalproduct.Sincethewageis$6perhour,theirvalueofmarg
7、inalproductmustbe$6perhour.Sincethevalueofmarginalproductequalsthemarginalproducttimesthepriceofthegood,andsincethepriceofasandwichis$3,themarginalproductofaworkermustbe2sandwichesperhour.5.Technologicaladvanceincreasesthemarginalproductofworkerswhohavecomputerskillsanddecreasesthema
