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《27. the content of the human right to health 28. do we have a human right to the political determinants of health》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在工程資料-天天文庫。
1、27TheContentoftheHumanRightto?HealthJonathan?WolffThehumanrighttohealthisattractingincreasingattentionfromphilosophers,andarangeofquestionshasbeenasked.Themostfundamentalone,nodoubt,iswhethertherearegoodreasonsforbelievingthatthereisanysuchthing.I?havedirectlyaddressedthatquestionelsewhere,1buth
2、eremyconcernissomewhatdifferent,andI?addressthefundamentalquestiononlyinmoreindirectfashion.Myaimistocon-sideratypeofcriticismthathastheconclusionthattherecouldnotbe—orperhapsshouldnotbe—ahumanrighttohealth.Thecoreofthatobjectionisthatthereareinsuperabledifficultiesinattemptingtospecifytheconten
3、tofthehumanrighttohealth.Thistypeofobjectionsplitsintotwo.Oneisconceptual;thatthecontentofthehumanrighttohealthcannotbecoherentlyspecified.Thesecondisofamorepracticalnature:?whenspecifiedthehumanrighttohealthleadstounattractive,oratleastsub-optimal,healthpolicies.Answeringtheseobjectionsisthetas
4、kofthispaper,andinfactI?willarguethatthetwoobjectionsneedtobeansweredtogether.Understandingtheconceptualcoreisnecessarytoanswerthepracticalchallengeanddealingwiththepracticalchallengehelpstospecifytheconceptualcore.IfI?amsuc-cessfulthiswouldshowonlythattherecouldbeahumanrighttohealth.Otherargu-m
5、entswouldbeneededtoestablishthat,infact,thereis?one.IninternationallawthehumanrighttohealthmakesarelativelysubduedappearanceintheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights(UDHR).Humanbeingsaredeclaredtohavearighttoastandardoflivingadequatetohealth,and,insightfully,arighttovariousotherunderlyingdeterminan
6、tsofhealth,suchasfood,clothing,andhous-ing,butalsomedicalcare.However,thedraftersofthelaterInternationalCovenantonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights(ICESCR)wentmuchfurther,declaringauniversalrighttothehighestattainablestandardofphysicalandmentalhealth.Indoingthisonehastoadmitthattheydidnotmakethin
7、gseasyfortheirdefenders.For,asOnoraO’Neillhaspressed,whatistobemadeoftheideaofthe‘highestattain-ablestandardofhealth’?ConsideralowresourceenvironmentsuchasruralIndiaorsub-SaharanAfrica.Ifwemeanthegloballyhighestattainablesta
