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1、REVIEWSAPPLICATIONSOFNEXT-GENERATIONSEQUENCINGThehumanmicrobiome:attheinterfaceofhealthanddiseaseIlseungCho1,2andMartinJ.?Blaser1,2,3,4Abstract
2、Interestintheroleofthemicrobiomeinhumanhealthhasburgeonedoverthepastdecadewiththeadventofnewtechnologiesforinterrogatingcomplexmicrobialcommunities.Thela
3、rge-scaledynamicsofthemicrobiomecanbedescribedbymanyofthetoolsandobservationsusedinthestudyofpopulationecology.Decipheringthemetagenomeanditsaggregategeneticinformationcanalsobeusedtounderstandthefunctionalpropertiesofthemicrobialcommunity.Boththemicrobiomeandmetagenomeprobablyhaveimportantfuncti
4、onsinhealthanddisease;theirexplorationisafrontierinhumangenetics.Untilrecently,thepropertiesofthemicrobiotaofhumanssystemswithstrongphenotypesisessentialformak-MicrobiotaThemicrobialorganismsthat(formerlycalled‘thenormalflora’)werelargelyablackingprogressinthisfieldofappliedgenetics.Althoughconst
5、itutethemicrobiome.Thebox.Cultivationin?vitro,whichhasbeenthecornerstoneafocusonbacteriaisimportant,inquiriesaimedatcompositionofthemicrobiotaofmicrobiologysincethenineteenthcentury,cannotbearchaea,virusesandretrovirusesarealso?needed.inacommunitycanvaryappliedtomanyofthemostdenselypopulatedmicro
6、-ThepurposeofthisReviewistodevelopthetheoreti-substantiallybetweenbialcommunities1.However,DNA-basedanalyseshavecalbasisforinvestigatinghowmicrobiomecompositionenvironmentalsites,amonghostnichesandbetweenexpandedourhorizonbygeneratingenormousnewdataandfunctionaffecthumanhealth.Weprovideexampleshe
7、althanddisease.setsthatcanbeminedforinformationonthecomposi-ofapplyingthisknowledgetobetterunderstandhumantionandfunctionalpropertiesofvastlygreaternumbershealth,andwediscusshowmicrobiomechangescouldofmicrobialcommunities.Forexample,theHumanalterhost–microbiomeinteractionstomitigatedisease.Microb
8、iomeProject(HMP)2bytheUSNationalInstitutesWealsoconsiderthenextstepsinthedevelopmentofofHealthhasproduceda2.3terabyte16Sribosomalthisfield,particularlyregardingtheneedtofocusontheRNAmetagenomicdatasetofover35billionrea
