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1、bri75829_ch16.qxd8/18/084:58PMPage485IndividualPerformanceEvaluationCHAPTER16CHAPTEROUTLINESettingPerformanceBenchmarksTimeandMotionStudiesPastPerformanceandtheRatchetEffectMeasurementCostsOpportunismGamingHorizonProblemRelativePerformanceEvaluationWit
2、hin-FirmPerformanceAcross-FirmPerformanceSubjectivePerformanceEvaluationMultitaskingandUnbalancedEffortSubjectiveEvaluationMethodsProblemswithSubjectivePerformanceEvaluationsCombiningObjectiveandSubjectivePerformanceMeasuresTeamPerformanceTeamProductio
3、nEvaluatingTeamsGovernmentRegulationofLaborMarketsSummaryAppendix:OptimalWeightsinaRelativePerformanceContractincolnElectricCompanywasfoundedin1895tomanufactureelectricmotorsandgenerators.1Intheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury,the?rmbecametheLpremiersupp
4、lierofelectricarcweldingmachines,weldingdisposables(elec-trodes),andcuttingproducts.In2007,Lincolnmanufacturedweldingandcut-tingsuppliesandindustrialelectricmotorsin30plantsacross18countries.PriortoexpandingmanufacturingoperationsoutsidetheUnitedStates
5、inthe1980s,Lincoln1DetailsofthisexamplearefromN.FastandN.Berg(1975),“TheLincolnElectricCompany,”HarvardBusinessSchoolCase376–028;C.Bartlett(1998),“LincolnElectric:VenturingAbroad,”HarvardBusinessSchoolCase9-398–095;andLincolnElectric’s?nancialreports.b
6、ri75829_ch16.qxd8/18/084:58PMPage486486Part3DesigningOrganizationalArchitectureElectrichadanalmostunbrokenstringofpro?tableyearsandoftenwascitedasamodelofproductivitygainsandcostsavings.LincolnElectric’sstrategyinvolvesbuildingqualityproductsatacostlow
7、erthanthatofitscompetitorsandpassingthesesavingstocustomersbycontinuouslylower-ingprices.Lincolnhasbeenabletoimplementthisstrategy,inpart,throughanemployeeincentivesystemthatfosterslaborproductivityincreasesarisingfromapay-for-performancecompensationpl
8、an.Forproductionemployees,wagesarebasedentirelyonpiecework.Inaddition,theyreceiveayear-endbonuswhichaveragesapproximately100percentofregularcompensation.AkeyelementofLincoln’sorganizationalarchitecture,andthetopicofthischapter,isitsperf
