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1、JournalofAppliedResearchinMemoryandCognition1(2012)51–52ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirectJournalofAppliedResearchinMemoryandCognitionjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jarmacCommentaryTrainingcognition:Parallelswithphysical?tness?FergusI.M.Cr
2、aik?,NathanS.RoseRotmanResearchInstituteatBaycrest,Toronto,CanadaarticleinfoArticlehistory:Received14December2011Accepted22December2011Availableonline4January2012Keywords:TrainingCognitionMemoryAgingCognitivereserveIntheirarticleonmemorytraining,McDanielandBug
3、g(2012)trainingmethodstogetherwithmoreprocess-basedtrainingpro-?rstcriticizetheideathatanytypeofmemorytrainingwillgen-cedures,wefeelitisimportanttodistinguishbetweenapproacheseralizetoallothertypes;thenotionthatmemorizingpoemsorthatattempttorestorefunctionasop
4、posedtocompensateforitsspeechesfromplayswillimproveaperson’smemoryfornamesorabsence.Althoughithassofarprovendif?culttorepairtheneu-numbers,forexample.Westronglyagreewiththiscriticism.Cog-robiologicalchangesthatunderlieage-relateddeclinesinmemory,nitiveprocesse
5、sresemblephysicalskillsinmanyrespects,andfewcircumventingthesede?cienciesbyrelianceonone’sexpertiseorpeoplewouldexpectthathoursoftennispracticewouldimprove‘scaffolding’newlearningbyembeddingitinwithinfamiliarcon-theirgolfgame,oreventhatputtingpracticewouldimpr
6、ovedriv-textsmaybeaneffectivelinetopursue.ingoffthetee.Memoryisnotonemonolithicfaculty.TheauthorsItiscurrentlyunclearwhethershort-termtrainingprogramscanofthetargetarticlethengoontoadvocatetrainingmethodsthatproduceanysigni?cantlastingeffectsthatarebothmeasura
7、bleinemphasizemorespeci?caspectsofmemoryperformance,suchthelaboratoryandmeaningfulintherealworld.Thisisbecauseasprospectivememory,retrievalandrecollection.Weagreethatmanytrainingstudiesarefraughtwithproblemssuchassmallthiswouldbeextremelyvaluable,butaresomewha
8、tskepticalthatsamplesizes,alimitedtargetpopulation(e.g.,onlyyoungadults,wellattestedmethodsexistatpresent(seeReichman,Fiocco,&onlyhealthyolderadults),apoorcontrolgroup(e.g.,ano-con
