小升初必會語法

小升初必會語法

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小學(xué)英語語法小升初必會語法(3)一區(qū)分where,/hich,that,who,whose,what的用法用來說明主句中某?名詞或代詞(有時也可說明整個主句或上句中部分)而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。一.詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句子成分用于限制從句或非限制性從句只用于限制性從句代替人代替物代替人或物主語Whowhichthat主語Whomwhichthat賓語Whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)例1:ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.例2:ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.例3:Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.例4:ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.2.關(guān)系代詞的用法(1)如果先行詞是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞一般只用Ihal,不用which。例如:Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)如果先等詞被形容詞最高級以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等詞修飾,關(guān)系代詞常用ihat,不用which,who,或whom。例如:(3)非限制性定語從句中,不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如:Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhom、arewelleducated.(4)which還有種特殊用法,它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句,代替上句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中,which可以作主語,也可以作賓語或表語,多數(shù)情況下意思是與andthis相似,并可以指人。例如:Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.

1(4)that可指人或物,在從句中作表語,(指人作主語時多用who)僅用于限制性定語從句中。(5)which可作表語,既可指人,以可指物。指人時,一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有種特征.品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。(7)如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體,關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員,則用who?(8)先行詞有兩個,一個指人,一個指物,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如:Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.(9)如果先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用who或whom,不用whicho例如:Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”是一個普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句?!敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等,關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或which,不可用that。(2)fromwhere為“介詞+關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu),但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如:Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown..(3)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短語動詞,在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如:Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時間.地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語,where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語,why充當(dāng)原因狀語。2.that可引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間.地點(diǎn)或原因That有時可以代替關(guān)系副詞when,where或者why引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間.地點(diǎn)或原因,在that引導(dǎo)的這種定語從句中,that也可以省去。三.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1.二者差異比較限制定語從句緊跟先行詞,同先行詞這間一般不加逗號,僅修飾先行詞,可以由關(guān)系代詞.關(guān)系副詞或that來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說明,用逗號與主句隔開,既可修飾先行詞,乂可修飾整個主

2句,不可用that引導(dǎo)。1.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)(1)弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分,作狀語的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞,作主語.賓語或表語的可選用關(guān)系代詞。3.先行詞與定語從句隔離定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后,但定語從句與先行詞之間有時也會插入別的成分,構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。例如:1)ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout..2)Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited四.As在定語從句中的用法1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句(l)as多與such或thesame連用,可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。(2)as也可單獨(dú)使用,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,作用相當(dāng)于which。例如:Theelephant1snoseis1ikeasnake,asanybodycansee.(3)thesame…that與thesame…as在意思上是不同的。2.As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活,可以位于主句前面.中間或后面,一般用逗號與主句隔開,但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如:(1)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.(2)Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone一、作副詞,意為“相同地”,“同樣地”o例如:Theydon'thaveasmanyairplanes.他們沒有同樣多的飛機(jī)。二、作連詞,1.引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句as與when,while都是引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞,含義都是"當(dāng)……的時候”。但它們有區(qū)別:(1).when作“當(dāng)……的時候”解,可以指較短的(一點(diǎn))時間,也可指一段時間。從句的動作可以與主句的動作同時發(fā)生,也可以先于主句的動作發(fā)生。例如:JohnwashavinghisdinnerwhenIsawhim.當(dāng)我看到約翰的時候,他正在吃飯。

3Shecanwriteonlywhenthebabyisasleep.只有嬰兒睡著的時候,她才能寫作。(1).while常表示一段較長的時間或一個過程,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語動詞與從句謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或在從句動作過程中發(fā)生。例如:Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.要趁熱打鐵。Whilewewerereading,theteachercamein.我們正在讀書的時候,老師走了進(jìn)來。(2).但屬下列情形時,只用as,而不用when或while。①用于表示同一個人的兩種動作交替進(jìn)行,指“一邊……,一邊……”。例如:Thegirldancesasshesingsonthestage.那個女孩在舞臺邊唱歌邊跳舞。Helookedbehindfromtimetotimeashewentforward.當(dāng)他朝前走時,不時地向后看。②表示兩個同步發(fā)展的動作或行為,譯為“隨著……”。例如:Astimewenton/by,shebecamemoreandmoreworried.隨著時間的流逝,她變得越來越焦慮。Ashegrewolder,hebecamemoreintelligent.隨著他年齡的增長,他變得更有才智了。③表示兩個短促行為或事件幾乎同時發(fā)生。例如:Ithoughtofitjustasyouopenedyourmouth.恰好在你開口時,我想到了它。Justastheflyingwormhitherface,shegavealoudcry.恰巧在匕蟲撞到她臉上時,她大哭起來。1.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句as,because,since都可以表示因果關(guān)系,連接原因狀語從句,含義是“因?yàn)?,由于“,但它們有區(qū)別:because表示的語氣最強(qiáng);as一般放在句首,語氣較弱,較口語化;since常常用在書面語中,表示多為對方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因,有時可譯作“既然”。例如:IdoitbecauseIlikeit.我做這件事是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g。Sincemanyofthecustomersworkduringtheday,Billyhastocollectthemoneyatnight.因?yàn)樵S多顧客白天上班,所以畢利只好晚上去收錢。Asshehasbeenillperhapsshe*11needsomehelp.她由于生病可能需要些幫助。2.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句as與although(或though),however(或nomatterhow)等都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,含義是“雖然,盡管”,但它們有區(qū)別:although語氣稍正式些,可放在句首,也可放在句中,主句中不能再用but,但可以用yet;as所表示的語氣較強(qiáng),引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序;however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,它的后面可跟形容詞或副詞,也要用倒裝語序。例如:Althoughtheyarepoortheyarehappy.雖然他們很窮,但很快樂。

4Angryashewas,hemanagedtospeakcalmly.雖然他很生氣,但是他講話很平靜。Howeverhardthequestionis,hecananswerit.不管問題有多難他都能回答。注意:當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,句子的倒裝語序有以下三種形式:(1).形容詞或副詞+as+主語+連系動詞be或?qū)嵙x動詞。例如:Richasheis,heneverspendsacentonclothes.雖然他很富有,但他從不花一分錢在衣服上。MuchasIadmirehiscourage,Idon'tthinkheactedwisely.我雖然佩服他的勇氣,但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不聰明的。(2).名詞+as+主語+連系動詞be(注意句首的名詞不帶冠詞)。例如:Childasheis,heknowsalot.盡管他是個孩子,但懂很多事情。Boyashewas,hewaschosenking.盡管他還是個孩子,但卻被立為國王。(3).實(shí)義動詞+as+主語+助動詞[如果沒有助動詞,則要加上個do(does或did)]。例如:Tryashemay,heneversucceeds.盡管他很努力,但總是不成功。Changeyourmindasyouwill,youwillgainnoadditionalsupport.即使你改變主意,你也不會得到另外的支持。(4)導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,意為“如",“像”,“按照……的方式”。如:Iwantyoutotel1myfriendyourveryinterestingexperienceexactlyasyouhavetoldittome.我想讓你像給我講述的那樣,給我的朋友講一講你那段極其有趣的經(jīng)歷。Remember,youmustdoeverythingasIdo.記住,你必須按照我做的那樣做一切。注意:like在非正式語體中可以有與as相同的用法。如:Ican'tsinglikeIusedto.我不能像以前那樣唱歌了。Hewritesjustlikehisbrotherdidwhenhewasyoung.他現(xiàn)在寫文章正像他哥哥年輕時寫文章一樣。(5)導(dǎo)比較狀語從句,用于“as...as...或notso/as...as...M中,前,個as是副詞,后,個as是連詞,意為“如(不如)???一樣”。如:(1).YouhateherasmuchasI(=asIhateher).(2).Idon*tspeakEnglishso/aswellashedoes.注意:句中連同as后面的代詞實(shí)際是省略了與主句相同的部分,即例(1)可以寫成YouhateherasmuchasIhateher.如果很明顯就能看出所省略的部分,意義不會含糊不清時,在口語中也可以用代詞的賓格形式。例:Atyourageyoucan,texpecttoplayfootballaswellasme(=asIdo).但例(1)就不能改I為me,改后意思就變?yōu)椋篩ouhateherasmuchasyouhateme.你恨她像恨我一樣深;而原句

5的意思為:你恨她像我恨她一樣深。三、作代詞as作關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語從句時,既可以單獨(dú)使用,也可以與其他詞連用,其用法要比that和which更為復(fù)雜。小升初必會語法(4)-As的用法1.as引導(dǎo)定語從句與其他詞連用(1).用于thesame...as結(jié)構(gòu)中ThisisthesamewatchasIhavelost.這塊手表跟我丟失的那塊一樣。(2).用于such.?.as結(jié)構(gòu)中Idon,t1ikesuchnovelsasyourecommend.我不喜歡你推薦的那些小說。(3).用于"so+adj.+a/an+n.(單數(shù))+as”結(jié)構(gòu)中IamnotsostrongamanasIwas.我已經(jīng)沒有從前那么強(qiáng)壯了。2.as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語從句as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語從句時,先行詞可以是一個詞,也可以是一個句子或短語。例如:(1)Sheislate,asisoftenthecase.她遲到了,這是經(jīng)常的事。(先行詞是整個主句)(2)Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.對事實(shí)視而不見一你們好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行詞是不定式短語)注意1:(1).當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句位于具有否定意義的主句之前時,as從句所修飾的范圍是整個主句的內(nèi)容,也就是說,把否定意義也包括在內(nèi)。例如:Ashasbeensaidabove,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.正如前面所說,語法不是一套死條文。(2).當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句位于具有否定意義的主句之后時,as從句所修飾的范圍不包括否定意義。例如:Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink.=Spidersarenotinsects.Butmanypeoplethinktheyare.許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲,但蜘蛛并不是昆蟲。(3).當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句位于具有否定意義的主句中間時,as從句所修飾的范圍也不包括否定意義。例如:Shedidnot,asherfriendhadfeared,openthecase.她沒有打開盒子,而她的朋友就是怕她當(dāng)面打開盒子。

6注意2:當(dāng)修飾句子的非限制性定語從句位于句尾時,as可以用which來替代。例如:Ilivealongwayfromwork,as(which)youknow.我住得離工作單位很遠(yuǎn),這你是知道的。但是,當(dāng)as從句位于句首或句中是,as就不能用which來替代了。例如:Asyouwi11findout,Iwillneverletyoudown.你將會發(fā)現(xiàn),我絕不會使你失望的。Taiwanis,asyouknow,aninseparablepartofChina.你們知道,臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。此外,如果主句為否定句,則位于句末和句中的as從句所修飾的范圍并不包括生句的否定意義,此時,as也不能用while來替代。例如:Greenlandwasnotacontinent,aspeoplethought.格陵蘭并不像人們所想象的那樣是?個大陸。四、作介詞,1.表示“好像(某人)",例如:Theyenteredthebuildingdisguisedascleaners.他們化裝成清潔工人的模樣進(jìn)入大樓。2.表示“作為,當(dāng)作”,例如:Ifoundajobasateacher.我找了一份教師的工作。3.表示“當(dāng)某人是(某身份)時。例如:Asachild,shewassenttothreedifferentcountries.她兒時去過三個不同的國家。4.表示“因某人是(某身份)”,例如:Asherprivatesecretaryhehasaccesstoal1hercorrespondence.他是她的私人秘書,能接觸到她所有的信件。5意1:as引導(dǎo)的介詞短語大多用作狀語,as譯為"作為”,少數(shù)情況可引起賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:AsaPartymember,I*11taketheleadineverything.(狀語)Sheworksasanurse.(狀語)Tomhasmeasoneofhisbestfriends.(引起賓語補(bǔ)足語)6意2:as和Iike都可以作介詞,但意義不同。as表示“以實(shí)際的身份或地位"。like則表示“與…相似,以與…相類似的方式”。例如:(1).Hespokeasateacher.(2).Hespokelikeateacher.句(1)的意思是:“他作為老師發(fā)言”或“他以老師的身份發(fā)言”。句(2)的意思是:“他講話很像是老師”。

7五、用于一些固定搭配1.asgoodas差不多,幾乎Don'tworry,thematter,sasgoodassettled.別擔(dān)心,問題差不多已經(jīng)解決了。Whenthecarwasrepaired,itlookedasgoodasnew.這輛汽車修理好的時候,看起來差不多就像新的一樣。2.asif/asthough似乎;好像Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened,他裝著若無其事的樣子。Shetreatshimasthoughhewasherownson.她待他好像待自己的兒子一樣。另外,asif可以接一個動詞不定式短語。例如:Hewavedhishandtomeasiftohavesomethingtotellme.他向我揮手好像有什么要告訴我。3.aswel1as同(--樣也);和;還JoancanspeakChineseaswel1asEnglish.瓊能講英語還能講漢語。Hespental1hismoney,aswel1aswastinghistime.他不僅浪費(fèi)了時間,還花光了他所有的錢。4.such...as,suchas像這樣的Iboughtalotoffruits,suchasapples,oranges,bananasandsoon.我買了許多種水果,像蘋果,桔子,香蕉等。Wehadsuchbooksasyouneversaw.我們有?些你從未看過的書。5.asfor至于某人(某事物)Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asforthetraffic,wehadnodifficulty.在鄉(xiāng)下我們度過了一個愉快的周末。至于交通,我們沒遇到任何困難。6.asto關(guān)于某事物;提到某事物Idon'tknowanythingastotheothers.至于其他,我一無所知。7.soasto...以便,為了Studentsshouldtakenotessoastomakerevisioneasier.學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)記筆記,以便容易復(fù)習(xí)。8.asamatteroffact其實(shí);實(shí)際上Asamatteroffact,I'mveryfondofhousework.其實(shí),我很喜歡做家務(wù)。9.asaresult結(jié)果(發(fā)生某種情況)Asaresult,hehadbeengivenanexcellentjob.結(jié)果,他得到了一份極好的工作。

81.aslongas只要Youmayborrowthisbookaslongasyoupromisetogiveitback.只要你答應(yīng)歸還,你就可以把這書借走??傊?,通過以上的分析,我們對as的詞性和用法有了比較全面的理解和把握,才能在實(shí)際的運(yùn)用中做到心中有數(shù),應(yīng)付自如。鞏固練習(xí)1.Shehadatenseexpressiononherface,shewereexpectingtrouble.A.eventhoughB.evenasC.asthoughD.nowthat2.Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,wastobeexpected.A.thatB.whatC.soD.as3.mightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasverymixed.A.AsB.ThatC.ItD.What4.Americanseatastheyactuallyneedeveryday.A.twiceasmuchproteinB.twiceproteinasmuchC.twiceproteinasmuchD.proteinastwicemuch5.Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudnessbyhislackoftalent.A.thanB.morethanC.asD.somuchas6.Studiesshowthatthethingsthatcontributemosttoasenseofhappinesscannotbebought,agoodfamilylife,friendshipandworksatisfaction.A.asforB.inviewofC.incaseofD.suchas7.heworkshard,Idon*tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.A.AssoonasB.SofarasC.Aswel1asD.Aslongas8.thedangerfromenemyaction,peoplehadtocopewithasevereshortageoffood,clothing,fuelandalmosteverything.A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.AssoonasD.AswellasKey:1-5CDAAD6-8DDD高考真題直練1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisitisascience.

9A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas1.Shedoesn,tspeakherfriend,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.A.aswel1asB.sooftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodas2.Thepianointheothershopwillbe,but.A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheap;notasbetterC.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood3.Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire,sometimesforanhour,thinkingofheryoungandhappydays.A.aslongasB.assoonasC.asmuchasD.asmanyas4.WiththehelpoftheGermanexperts,thefactoryproducedcarsin1993astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanyastwiceC.astwiceasmanyD.twiceasmanytractorsin1988as5.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedtheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas7.,hedoesn,tstudywell.A.AsheiscleverB.HeisascleverC.CleverasheisD.Ascleverheis8.,hewasunabletomakemuchprogress.HardashetryB.HardashetriedC.AshetriedhardD.Hetriedhard9.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentlosehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto10.Whenapenci1ispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken11.isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

1012.isknowntoal1,Chinawillbeanandpowerfulcountryin20or30years,time.A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancing13.Hedoesn,tbelievethingsyoudo.A.thesame;asB.thesame;withC.assame;asD.assame;with14.ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.ItKey:1-5DACAD6-10CCBBC11-14BCAB小升初必會語法(5)Tappen用法小結(jié)生活中什么事都可能會“發(fā)生(happen)”。那么,你知道怎樣使用happen這個詞嗎?下面我們就對happen的用法作一小結(jié)。happen是不及物動詞,它的用法常見的有如下兒種情況:1.表示“某地(某時)發(fā)生了什么事”,常用“sth.+happen+地點(diǎn)/時間”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá),此時主語應(yīng)是事情。例如:Thestoryhappenedin2003.這個故事發(fā)生在2003年。Anaccidenthappenedinthatstreet.那條街上發(fā)生了一起事故。2.表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”,要用“sth.+happen+tosb.”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:Acaraccidenthappenedtoherthismorning.今天上午她發(fā)生了交通事故。Whathappenedtoyou?你怎么啦?3.表示“某人碰巧做某事”,要用“sb.+happen+todosth.”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:Ihappenedtomeetafriendofmineinthestreetyesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一個朋友。4.happen表示“碰巧或恰巧發(fā)生某事”時,還可用"Ithappens/happenedthat...M這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:IthappenedthatBrianandPeterwereathomethatday.碰巧那天布萊恩和彼得在家了。Ithappenedthathehadtotakepartinameetingthatafternoon.碰巧那天下午他不得不參加一個會議。注:that從句中的主語是人時,此種結(jié)構(gòu)可以與“sb.+happen+todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。例如:

1111happenedthatBrianandPeterwereathomethatday.=BrianandPeterhappenedtobeathomethatday.小升初必會語法(7)一比較級1.比較級可分形容詞(adj)的比較和副詞(adv)的比較兩種。HeistallerthanI.(他比我高)Heworksmoredi1igentlythanIdo.他比我更努力地工作。2.原級,比較級,最高級的變化A.規(guī)則變化(a)大部分一個音節(jié)和部分兩個音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞,字尾+er變成比較級,字尾+est變成最高級clearclearerclearestsmallsmallersmallestnarrownarrowernarrowestnearnearernearestlatelaterlatest(b)字尾是短母音+單子音,加er,est時單子音需再重復(fù)一次。BigbiggerbiggestHothotterhottestFatfatterfattest(c)字尾是y,前面是輔音,把y變i,再加er,est.drydrierdriesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest三個或三個音節(jié)以上及(d)-able,-ful,-ive,-ing,Tess,-ous等字尾的形容詞及末尾是ly的副詞,肯定加more,否定加less變成比較級,肯定加most,否定加least變成最高級。diligentmorediligentmostdiligentreadablemorereadablemostreadable(less)(least)beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful(less)(least)activemoreactivemostactivecarelessmorecarelessmostcarelessbrightlymorebrightlymostbrightlyhonestlymorehonestlymosthonestlyB.不規(guī)則變化

12goodbetterbestwellbetterbestmany(much)moremostlatelater(較晚的)latest(最晚的)latelatter(后者的)last(最后的)farfarther(較遠(yuǎn)的)farthestfarfurther(更進(jìn)?步的)furthestoldolderoldest(比較年齡大小)oldeldereldest(比較長幼次序)1.比較級用法(a)肯定(正面)比較:more…than,-erthan?Thehouseisbright.這間房子很明亮。ThehouseisbrighterthanouroldoneinNewYork.這間房子比我們在紐約的老房子明亮。Thehouseisthemostbrightofal1thehousesinwhichwehavelived.這間房子是我們所住過最明亮的?間。(b)否定(反面)比較:less…than?Heisstrong.他很強(qiáng)壯。HeislessstrongthanJoe.他沒有喬強(qiáng)壯。Heistheleaststronginhisclass.他是班上最不強(qiáng)壯的。(c)同等比較用于肯定:as+原級+as用于否定:notas-as或notso-asAnappleisasbigasanorange.蘋果和橘子一樣大。Thecoldsoupisn'tasdeliciousasthehotone.冷了的湯沒有熱湯好喝。Iamnotsofatasyou.我沒有你那樣胖。小升初必會語法(8)一沒有比較級的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級的形容詞和副詞包括:1)有些程度副詞,如:quite,rather,comparatively,incomparably,relatively,fairly等與形容詞連用具有"比較”含義。故這時句中的形容詞不能再使用比較級。例如:

13Itisasetofcomparativelynewinstrumentinourlaboratory.Thisbookisratherdifficultforthejuniors,butfairlyeasyforthe

14seniors.2)下列幾類形容詞也沒有比較等級:(1)表示"終極”意義或絕對概念的形容詞或副詞。如:absolute(ly),blind,dead,excellent,entire,living,full,perfect(ly),round,relative,wrong等。(2)表示時間、方位或方向的形容詞或副詞。如:back,backward,forward,front,past,monthly,weekly,present,southern,vertical等。(3)部分表示事物性質(zhì)、物質(zhì)材料或結(jié)構(gòu)成分的形容詞。如:atomic,cultural,economic,educational,golden,political,scientific,silken,urban,wooden等。(4)本身具有"最"或"唯一*"概念的形容詞。如:maximal,mere,minimal,matchless,sole,onlyunique等。小升初必會語法(9)??形容詞、副詞及比較級最高級一.形容詞的修飾與位置一般來說,從構(gòu)詞法角度來看,后綴“l(fā)y”往往是副詞,但有的以“l(fā)y'結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞,這點(diǎn)要注意;形容詞一般可以在句子中做定語,表語等成份,但有些形容詞在句子中只能做表語和只能做前置定語;這些形容詞在修飾時候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意,下面做了一下歸納:1以-ly結(jié)尾的是形容詞而不是副詞:costly昂貴的lonely孤獨(dú)的deadly死?般的lively活潑的friendly友好的silly傻氣的kindly熱心腸的likely可能的leisurely悠閑的ugly長得H的brotherly兄弟般的monthly每月的earthly塵世的2只作以“a”開頭的很多形容詞只能做表語:afraid害怕的alike相象的awake醒著的alone單獨(dú)的,惟?的alive活著的ashamed羞愧的asleep睡著的aware意識到的、察覺到的well健康的content滿意的unable無能的3只作前置定語的形容詞

15earthen泥十.做的,大地的daily每日的latter后面的golden金子般的weekly每周的inner里面的silken絲一般的monthly每月的outer外面的wooden木制的yearly每年的elder年長的woolen毛織的former前任的mere僅,只不過only惟一的sheer純粹的very恰好的little小的live活的1.卜列動詞既是實(shí)義動詞又是系動詞,注意用做系動詞時,要求形容詞做表語:remainkeepbecome?get,grow,go,come,turn,stay>stand,run,prove?seem?appear,look.如:Allthoseleftundonemaysoundgreatintheory,buteventhetruestbelieverhasgreatdifficultywhenitcomestospecifics.二.形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級1.考比較級時,考生應(yīng)把握:1)形容詞和副詞比較級的形式是否和比較連詞對應(yīng)出現(xiàn),即是否符合原級比較及比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften,orbetterthananactualperformance.[A]asgoodas[B]asgood[C]good[D]goodas在這里asgoodas比較連詞與betterthan比較連詞同時出現(xiàn)時候,不能省略任何一個介詞。答案為AOnthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremorelikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethosewith1ittleambition.2)比較的成分是否屬于同類事物或同類概念,既是說比較要具有可比性。如:Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear,smarathonwashalf.

16[A]oflastyear,s[B]thoseoflastyear*s[C]ofthoseoflastyear[D]thatoflastyear*s(前后相比的應(yīng)該是今年和去年注冊參加的人數(shù)“thenumberof”故代替它的應(yīng)該是單數(shù)指示代詞“that”,而不能選擇B,those是指代participants,不是同類對比,答案為D.Youngreaders,moreoftenthannot,findthenovelsofdickensfarmoreexcitingthanThackeray*s.3)比較級與倍數(shù)詞關(guān)系及其位置原級結(jié)構(gòu)中可插入表達(dá)倍數(shù)的詞,表示為“為…。若干倍”,當(dāng)與有表示倍數(shù)比較的詞在??起時候等,他們的位置是,倍數(shù)詞+as…as…,或倍數(shù)詞+more…than…,但again一般放在原級詞之后,即“as+原級+again+as”。如:Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyearthanautomobileaccidents.[A]sevenmoretimes[B]seventimesmore[C]overseventimes[D]seventimes(答案為B)“Doyouregretpayingfivehundreddollarsforthepainting?w"No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaidforit.”[A]twicesomuch[B]twiceasmuch[C]asmuchtwice[D]somuchtwice(答案為B)MyuncleisasoldagainasIam4)下列詞和短語不用比較級形式卻表示比較概念:inferior,minor,senior,prior,preferto,superior,major,junior,preferable,differfrom,comparedwith,incomparisonwith,differentfrom,ratherthan.如:Theirwatchistoalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.[A]superior[B]advantageous[C]super[D]beneficial(答案為A)

17Priortohisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter.(1986年考研題)5)“比較級+and+比較級”或"moreandmore/lessandless+原級”以及"ever,steadily,daily等副詞+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越來越”的意思,與這類結(jié)構(gòu)搭配的常用動詞有g(shù)row,get,beeome等。前面兩種情況更多地出現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)中,注意的是這三種情況引導(dǎo)的比較級后面都不需要用than.如:Thingsaregettingworseandworse.AsIspoketohimhebecamelessandlessangry.HerhealthwasbecomingdailyworseTheroadgoteverworseuntiltherewasnoroadatall=theroadgotworseandworse.6)比較級前面可以用even,still,yet,allthe(more)等修飾語用以加強(qiáng)語氣,表示“更加”的意思。如TodayitisevencolderthanyesterdayIhaveyetmoreexcitingnewsforyou7)有關(guān)比較級的特殊句型:A):notsomuch…as…與其說不如說Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn'tsomuchariseinbirthratesafallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.[A]and[B]as[C]but[D]or人口增長的主要原因與其說是因?yàn)槌錾实奶岣?,還不如說是因?yàn)獒t(yī)療的進(jìn)步帶來的死亡率下降的結(jié)果。答案為BB)no/notanymore…than…兩者一樣都不Theheartisintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.[A]notso[B]notmuch[C]muchmore[D]nomore(心臟和胃兩者都不具有智力,他們都受大腦控制。答案為D)

18Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake?theycan1imithowmuchwateryoudrink.[A]muchmorethan[B]nomorethan[C]nolessthan[D]anymorethan(答案為D)Ono/notanyless…than…兩者?樣,都注意基本上與no/notanymore…than意思相反Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister.她和她如姐一樣漂亮D)justas…so—正如,也(用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))Justasthesoi1isapartoftheearth,theatmosphere.[A]asitis[B]thesameis[C]sois[D]andsois(答案為C)2.最高級形式應(yīng)注意的問題:1)最高級比較范圍用介詞in,over,of,among.in,(al1)over用于在某一范圍內(nèi)的比較,如:inChina,allovertheworld.of,among用于在同一群體內(nèi)同類事物的比較,如:amongtheteachers,ofthefourdresses.注意:among…相當(dāng)于oneof…,不說amongall…。這一點(diǎn)考生應(yīng)與漢語表達(dá)區(qū)別開來如:allvisible1ights,redlighthasthelongestandviolettheshortestwavelength.[A]Among[B]Of[C]For[D]To答案為[B]2)比較級形式表示最高級意義時,比較對象的范圍應(yīng)用:anyother+單數(shù)名詞theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞theothersanyone/anythingelse上述詞是用業(yè)將比較級結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成最高級意義的關(guān)鍵詞語,切不可遺漏,尤其是。then否則會造成邏輯混亂的錯誤。如不能說:Johnrunsfasterthananyone.注意與漢語表達(dá)的不同。

193)most可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞,意思相當(dāng)于ver,用法區(qū)分單夏數(shù),但不能用定冠詞the,如:amostinterestingbook,mostexpensiverestaurants,要注意與“the+形容詞最高級+of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示的最高級的區(qū)別,如:HespokeinthewarmestofvoicesTheyhavebeenmostkindtomeBasketbal1isthemostpopularofsportsinthiscountry.ChineseisthemostdifficultoflanguageChineseisamostdifficultlanguage三.不用比較級和最高級的形容詞:1)表示顏色的有:white,black2)表示形態(tài)的有:round,square,oval,circular,triangular(三角形),level3)表示性質(zhì)和特征的有:atomic,economic,scientific,sonic>golden,siIvery,woolen,earthen,silent,ful1>empty,sure,dead,deaf,blind*lame*rainy4)表示狀態(tài)作表語的有:afraid,asleep,alive,ashamed,alone,aware,alike5)表示時間、空間和方位的有:daily,weekly,monthly,annual,present,front,back,forward,backward,east,west,south,north,left,right,final6)表示極限、主次、等級的有:maximum,minimum,utmost?main,major,chiefminor,superior,inferior,senior,junior,super>favorite7)含有絕*j概念的有:absolute,entire,whole,total,perfect,excellent,thorough,complete.四.平行結(jié)構(gòu)與比較級平行結(jié)構(gòu)很多情況下是由形容詞或副詞的比較級或者暗含比較意味的連詞引導(dǎo)的。如:Theideallistenerstaysbothinsideandoutsidethemusicatthemomentitisplayedandenjoysitalmostasmuchasthecomposeratthemomenthecomposes.大多數(shù)情況下平行結(jié)構(gòu)都是具有一定的比較含義的,有的是遞進(jìn)對比notonly-but(also);prefer…to…;ratherthan有的是同類對比:and;but;or;both…and…;either…or…;neither…nor

20平行結(jié)構(gòu)測試時候注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中相比較的內(nèi)容在語法形式上是否相同。如:Itisbettertodieone,sfeetthan.[A]livingonone'sknees[B]liveonone'sknees[C]onone*sknees[D]toliveonone*sknees(答案為D)Despitethetemporarydifficulties,themanagerprefersincreasingtheoutputtodecreasingit.2.其他具有并列或比較意義的短語也可引導(dǎo)平行結(jié)構(gòu)。1)ratherthan,letalone雖不是并列連詞,但在結(jié)構(gòu)上連接兩個語法形式相同的成分。如:Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleinapersonalstyle.[A]ratherthan[B]otherthan[C]betterthan[D]lessthan答案為AForthenewcountrytosurvive,foritspeop1etoenjoyprosperity,neweconomicpolicieswillberequired.[A]tonameafew[B]letalone[C]nottospeak[D]let'ssay(答案為B)2)如果平行的兩個成分在形式上是介詞短語,而且介詞相同,一般說來第二個介詞不要省略。如:Attimes,morecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementsthanintothewritingofthefeaturesandeditorials小升初必會語法(10)一形容詞比較級用法1.表示兩者之中“較...”,用the+比較級+ofthetwo.

21I*11giveyouthebiggerofthetwosteaks;I'mnotveryhungry.我要把這塊比較大的牛排給你,我不怎么餓。2.定冠詞或指示形容詞+比較級+名詞表示比較。Thetailermanisthebossoftherestaurantandtheshorteroneishisbrother.那個身材較高的男人是餐館老板。較矮的那位是他弟弟。3.有少數(shù)以-ior結(jié)尾的屬于拉丁語的形容詞,如inferior(次于),junior(年幼的;下級的),posterior(之后),prior(之前),senior(年長的,上級的),superior(優(yōu)于)等本身就有比較的意思,后面不接Ihan,常與介系詞lo連用,后面用賓格。[amtwoyearsjuniortoyou.我比你小兩歲。該句相當(dāng)于?Iamtwoyearsyourjunior.Iamyourjuniorbytwoyears.Iamtwoyearsyoungerthanyou(are).類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有?beseniorto(年長于)+賓格?beolderthan+主格besuperiorto(優(yōu)于)+賓格?bebetterthan+主格beinferiorto(劣于)+賓格?beworsethan+主格4.比較形容詞可以被修飾語如alittle(一點(diǎn)),much(得多),even(更加),still(更加),far(...得多),verymuch,any,no,rather,alot(agreatdeal),alittle(abit)等修飾,但不可用very修飾,表示某種程度。Thesunisalotbiggerandbrighterthanthemoon.太陽比月亮大得多、亮得多。小升初必會語法(11)一天的用法1、介詞prep.在…里;在…中Thereisnocloudinthesky.晴空萬里無云。GlasgowisinScotland.格拉斯哥在蘇格蘭。2、介詞prep.進(jìn);入Rayputhishandinthewaler.雷把手放進(jìn)水中。

223、介詞prep.在;于(時間)Margaretstartedschoolin1973.瑪格麗特一九七三年開始上學(xué)。No,itwasin1970,not1969.不對,是在1970年,不是1969年。4、介詞prep.在…(時間)以內(nèi)I*11bereadyinanhour.我一小時以內(nèi)準(zhǔn)備好。5、介詞prep.在…(情況)中Mymotherisingoodhealth我的母親身體很好。Emmawasintears.?,斂蘖恕?、介詞prep.穿;戴Thepolicemanisinuniform.警察穿著制服。Shedresseshiminhisnewclothes.她給他穿新衣服。7、介詞prep.在…(環(huán)境)下Wewalkedintherain.我們冒雨行走。Theysleptintheshade.他們睡在樹蔭下。8、介詞prep.以…(方式),用…(語言)HespokeinItalian.他講話用意大利語。TheytalkedinEnglish.他們用英語交談。Pleasewriteinpenci1,notinink.請用鉛筆寫,不要用鋼筆寫。TheletterwaswritteninFrench.信是用法文寫的。9、介詞prep.從事(職業(yè));參加(活動)He'sinthearmy.他在軍隊(duì)里10、副詞adv.向內(nèi);進(jìn)入Hejustlookedinforamoment.他只是(在門外)往里頭看了看。Comein.進(jìn)來。Stepin,please.請進(jìn)來。11、副詞adv.在內(nèi);在家;在辦公室Isyourbrotherinorhashegonetothematch?你弟弟是在家還是看球賽去了?

23IsMr.Smithin?*"No,he'sgoneoutforlunch!*“史密斯先生在家嗎?”"不在,他出去吃午飯去了?!?2、副詞adv.時髦;流行Thisyear,shortskirtsarein.今年時興短裙。13、副詞adv.(車,船)到達(dá)Thetrainisin.列車到站了。小升初必會語法(12)一規(guī)則動詞的過去式及發(fā)音規(guī)則動詞的過去式詞尾變化有幾種:1.一般情況下加ed,如watched,planted,watered,pulled,climbed,picked。2.以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的加d,如liked,moved,tastedo3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加ed,如studystudied。4.以1個元音字母加1個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加ed,如stopstoppedo詞尾讀音有3種:a.在濁輔音和元音后讀[d],如lived,watered,listened,playedob.在清輔音后讀[l],如liked,helped,watched0c.在[t],[d]音后讀[Id],如planted,wanted,handed(上交)。不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化則沒有什么規(guī)律,請大家背熟記牢:sit-satthrowthrewam,iswasdrink-drankdraw一—dreware-weresing一——sangflyflewdo-didbegin-begangrow——grewhave,hashadswim————swamputputmaymightgive一——gavecut——cutcan—-couldring一——ranglet——letshallshouldrun-ranread——readwill-—wouldride————rodecatchcaughtgo—-wentwrite-wroteteachtaughteat——ate

24drive-drovethink-thoughthear-—heardkeep——keptbuy——boughtseesawsleep-sleptfightfoughtfind-foundsweep-swepthold——heldwear-worefeel——felttell-toldmeetmetcome——camegetgotmean-meantbecomebecamemake—-madespeakspoketake——tooksay-said1)is,am-wasare-were2)begin-beganring-rangdrink-drankswim-swamgive-gavesing-sangsit-satrun_ranhave-hadmake-madecome-cameeat-ate3)write-wroteride-rodespeak-spokedrive-drovestand-stoodtell-toldwin-wonget-gottake_took4)sleep-sleptsweep-sweptfeel-feltkeep-keptspell-speltspend-spentbend-bentmeet-metgo-went5)know-knewfly-flewblow-blewgrow-grewthrow-threwdraw-drew(glow-glowed)6)teach-taughtcatch-caughtbuy-boughtfight-foughtthink-thought7)find-foundhear-heardsay-said1ie-laysee-sawlearn-learntmean-meant8)put-putread-readcut-cutlet-let小升初必會語法(13)一反意疑問句練習(xí)1,You*reinGradetwonow,?2、Yourfatherisaworker,?3、MaryisgoingtostudyChinese,?4、We'regoingtohaveameetingthis

25week,__5、Jackisplayinginthegarden,—?6、Theyalllookfine,?7、YoulikeEnglish,?8、Kateswimsthebestinherclass,一?9、MikewatchesTVeveryday,?10>Theylikespringbest,一?11、Theywonthaveagoodtime,__?12、Hewillgotoseeafilm,?13、Sheisn*tgoingtobuyabook,?14、TomandMikearewatchingTV,_915、Youaredoingsomewashing,?16、MrsWhiteiscleaningtheroom,?17、Ibadarestamomentago,?18、Hewasateacherayearago,?19、TheywroteletterslastSunday,_?20、MrSmithmadeatablelastyear,_?21、Don'topenthedoor,?22、Let'sgotoschool,23、Listentome,?24、There*slittlewaterintherive,—?25、Thelittlegirlcanhardlyread,?26、HehasneverbeentoJapan,?27、ThestudentsborrowedfewEnglishbooksfromthelibrary,Kaipmndpfawmistakesintheexam,?參考答案1、arentyou2、isn'the3、isn,tshe4、aren*twe5、isn'the6、don'tthey7、don'tyou8、doesn*tshe9、doeshe10、don'tthey11、willthey12、won*the13、isshe14、aren'tthey15、aren'tyou16、isn'tshe17>didn'tI18、wasn*the19、didn'tthey20、didn*the21、willyou22、shallwe23、willyou24、isthere25、canshe26hashe27、didthey28、didshe小升初必會語法(15)一英語動詞后加Ving形式(l)be動詞(is.am.are).介詞后面加ing形式。還有固定的詞組搭配要記住

26某些動詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動詞時只能用動名詞作賓語,不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有:advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,giveup,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,delay,practise,resist,suggest,dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,can'tstand,beusedto,getusedto,devote???to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等。如:Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.他們繼續(xù)走,說個不停。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海灘上走真是樂事。(2)作介詞的賓語Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?我們休息呢還是開始干活?(3)作形容詞的賓語Themusiciswellworth1isteningtomorethanonce.這種曲子很值得多聽幾遍。Wearebusypreparingforthecomingsportsmeet.我們正為馬上到來的運(yùn)動會忙著做準(zhǔn)備。(4)、作表語動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系,表示主語的內(nèi)容,主語、表語可互換位置。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.)(5)、作定語動名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如:awalkingstick=astickforwalking=astickwhichisusedforwalkingawashingmachine=amachineforwashing=amachinewhichisusedforwashingareadingroom=aroomforreading=aroomwhichisusedforreadingameasuringtape=atapeformeasuring=atapewhichisusedformeasuringsleepingpills=pillsforsleeping=pilIswhichisusedforsleeping小升初必會語法(16)--have的用法havev.(動詞)

27had[h2d]hav.ing,has[h2z]v.tr.(及物動詞)Tobeinpossessionof:擁有:alreadyhadacar.已經(jīng)有?輛車Topossessasacharacteristic,quality,orfunction:氣質(zhì):有…的特征、性質(zhì)或功能:hasabeard;hadagreatdealofenergy.蓄著胡子;精力充沛Topossessorcontainasaconstituentpart:包含:作為某物的組成部分而含有或包含:acarthathasanautomatictransmission.有自動傳動系統(tǒng)的汽車Tooccupyaparticularrelationto:有特殊關(guān)系:hadagreatmanydisciples.有很多信徒Topossessknowledgeoforfacilityin:具有某方面的知識或才能:hasverylittleSpanish.懂很少一點(diǎn)西班牙語Toholdinthemind;entertain:保持在腦中;懷抱:haddoubtsabouttheirloyalty.對他們的忠誠懷有疑慮Touseorexhibitinaction:發(fā)揮:通過行動來運(yùn)用或顯示:havecompassion.發(fā)揮同情心Tocomeintopossessionof;acquire:占有;獲得:Notonecopyofthebookwastobehadintheentiretown.整個城鎮(zhèn)都沒有這本書Toreceive;get:收到;得到:Ihadaletterfrommycousin.我收到堂弟寄來的信Toaccept;take:接受;收納:1111havethegreenpeasinsteadofthespinach.我想要份青豆而不是菠菜Tosufferfrom:經(jīng)受,遭受:havedefectivevision.視力不好

28Tobesubjecttotheexperienceof:經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗(yàn):hadadifficulttimelastwinter.去年冬天日子不好過Tocauseto,asbypersuasionorcompulsion:促使:通過勸說或強(qiáng)迫導(dǎo)致…:

29hadmyassistantruntheerrand.讓我的助手跑腿Tocausetobe:使…成為:hadeveryonefascinated.把每個人都吸引住了Topermit:allow:允許;許可:Iwon*thavethatkindofbehaviorinmyhouse.在我家中我可不允許做那種事Tocarryon,perform,orexecute:執(zhí)行,做,實(shí)行:haveanargument.進(jìn)行爭吵Toplaceatadisadvantage:把…置于不利狀態(tài):Youropponentinthedebatehadyouoneveryissue.你的對手在爭論中使你在每個問題上都處于下風(fēng)Informa1Togetthebetterof,especiallybytrickeryordeception:【非正式用語】利用:尤指通過詭計(jì)或欺騙利用:Theyrealizedtoolatethatthey,dbeenhadbyaswindler.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)被?個騙子耍了,但為時已晚InformalToinfluencebydishonestmeans;bribe:【非正式用語】賄賂:通過不正當(dāng)手段影響;購賂:anincorruptibleofficialwhocouldnotbehad.一位不為賄賂所動的廉潔官員Toprocreate(offspring):繁殖(后代):wantedtohaveachild.想要一個孩子Togivebirthto;bear:生;生育:She*sgoingtohaveababy.她就要生孩子了Topartakeof:吃喝:havelunch.吃中飯Tobeobligedto;must:被迫;必須:Wesimplyhavetogetthereontime.我們不得不準(zhǔn)時趕到那里v.aux.(助動詞)Usedwithapastparticipletoformthepresentperfect,pastperfect,andfutureperfecttensesindicatingcompletedaction:

30與過去分詞連用構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時或?qū)硗瓿蓵r以表示結(jié)束的行為:Thetroublemakerhasgoneforgood.IregrettedthatIhadlostmytemper.Theywillhavefinishedbythetimewearrive.那搗蛋鬼已走上了1E路。我對我曾大發(fā)脾氣感到后悔。他們會在我們到那里的時候完成的n.(名詞)Oneenjoyingespeciallymaterialwealth:富人:尤指享受物質(zhì)財富的人:MAlmostovernight,therewasanewandwidespreadhostilityonthepartofthehavestowardthehave-nots”(ThomasP.O'Neill,Jr.)“幾乎是一夜之間,富人們就對窮人們滋生出一種新的和的仇恨”(小托馬斯P?奧涅爾)havev.aux.1.(加過去分詞,構(gòu)成完成時態(tài))已經(jīng);曾經(jīng)Theyhaven*tfinishedthejobyet.他們尚未完成該項(xiàng)工作。2.(用于虛擬語氣,表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè))(假如那時)...的話Shemighthavecomeifshehadn,tbeensobusy.當(dāng)時若不是那么忙,她是可能來的。vt.1.有,擁有MThiscoathasnopockets.這件衣服沒有口袋。2.懷有,持有[町Manypeoplehavedoubtsaboutthenewproject.許多人對這項(xiàng)新工程有懷疑。3.體驗(yàn);經(jīng)驗(yàn);患[W]Wehadawonderfultimeonthebeach.我們在海灘上玩得好極了。4.拿;得到,取得[W]Wegavehimapresent,buthewouldn'thaveit.我們給他一件禮物,但他不肯接受。5.進(jìn)行,從事(某事)Themanagerishavingameeting.經(jīng)理正在開會。

311.吃;喝;吸(煙)

32Theyhadtheirlunchinacafeteria.他們在一家自助餐廳吃了午飯。Haveacupofcoffee,please.請喝杯咖啡。1.邀請(某人),招待MWehadsomeguestsfordinnerlastnight.我們昨晚請了兒位客人吃飯。2.(用于否定句中)容忍;允許[04]Iwon'thaveanyonesmokinginhere.我不容許任何人在這里抽煙。3.生得,生育Mywifeisgoingtohaveababy.我妻子快要生孩子了。4.使,讓;招致[07][08]Pa'shadhishandsburned.爸的手給燙傷了。I*vehadthestovelighted.我已經(jīng)讓人把爐子點(diǎn)著了。5.要;叫;使[03][04]611beproudtohaveyoureadit.你肯讀它我會感到驕傲的。7.必須,不得不[+to-v]Ihavetogorightnow.我馬上得走。8.明白,懂得[W]IguessIhaveyourideas.我想我明白你的意思。9.【俚】與(女人)性交n.1.富人;富國[theP]Thegapbetweenthehavesandthehave-notsiswidening.貧富之間的差距在擴(kuò)大。小升初必會語法(17)-in,puton,wear,dress,haveon,pullon用法辨析in,puton,wear,dress,haveon,pul1on用法辨析都含有“穿、戴”之意,但用法不同。in是介詞,后接表示衣服或顏色的詞,著重于服裝的款式或顏色。它所構(gòu)成的短語只能作表語或定語。例如:Thisisapictureofayoungmaninablackcoat.

33這是一張穿著黑色外套的年輕人的照片。這里inablackcoat是youngman的定語。Heisinablacknylonjackettoday.今天他穿著黑色尼龍夾克。Inablacknylonjacket在這個句子里作表語。puton"穿上、戴上”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿”“戴”的動作,后接衣服、鞋帽等。例如:Iwantyoutoputonthiscoatandthishat.我要你穿這件外套,戴這頂帽子。Putonyourheavywintercoatifyouaregoingout.如果你要出去,穿上你的厚冬衣。pullon的意思也是“穿上”,帶有“匆忙”的意思:It'stheweekend.Iknowyou'refree.Sopullonyourjeansandcomeoutwithme.現(xiàn)在是周末,我知道你有空。所以穿上你的牛仔褲,和我?起出去吧。You'relate!Quicklypullonyourclothesandleave!你遲到了!快穿上衣服走吧!wear“穿著;戴著”,表示狀態(tài),賓語可以是衣帽,也可以是飾物、獎?wù)碌取@纾篩ou'dbetterwearblueorblackpantswithblownshoes.穿棕色鞋子的時候,最好要穿藍(lán)色或黑色褲子。Whydoesheoftenweardarksunglasses?他為什么經(jīng)常戴著深色的太陽鏡?dress的賓語通常是人,意思是“給穿衣服”。dressoneself或getdressed表示給自己穿衣服。例如:Mysonisnowabletodresshimself.我兒子現(xiàn)在自己會穿衣服了。It'stimetowakeupandgetdressed!該起床穿衣服了。bedressedin的意思是"穿著",表示狀態(tài)。Sheisdressedinafurcoat.她穿著毛皮大衣。dressup的意思是“盛裝打扮、喬裝打扮”。I'dlikeyoutodressupformybirthdaypartytonight.今晚我希望你為我的生日派對打扮打扮。YoungkidsoftendressupandhavefunatHalloween.萬圣節(jié)前夜,小孩子通常都喬裝打扮,玩得很開心。

34haveon的意思是“穿著,戴著”,例如:Ifyou*rewearingblackpantsyoushouldhaveonblackshoesandablackbelt.如果你穿著黑色長褲的話,你應(yīng)該要穿黑色的鞋子,配黑色的皮帶。I,11haveonblackpantsandagrayshirttomorrow.明天我會穿一條黑色的長褲和一件灰色的襯衫。小學(xué)英語必備語法.Therebe句型小結(jié)大家好,我是therebe句型,我的中文名字是“有”,表示某處存在某(物)人?;窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為“Therebe+某物(某人)+某地(某時)"。其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義;主語是be后面的名詞,be是謂語動詞,在?般現(xiàn)在時中be只有is和are兩種形式。我常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種:1Thereis+單數(shù)名詞(不可數(shù)名詞)+介詞短語2Thereare+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+介詞短語下面的口訣可以幫你更好的了解我:(1)therebe句型有特點(diǎn),主語跟在be后面;地時放句末,強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。如:(2)Thereisapenonthedesk.有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn),也可把介詞短語放在句后。如:Onthedeskthereisapen.(2)Be動詞,有三個,amis還有are,“therebe真特別,不留am只留倆,is還有are。要用is還是are,須看后面的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are.。如:1Thereisagirlintheclassroom.2Thereissomewaterinthebottle.3Therearesomebananasinthebox.(3)注意:如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說,“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個名次來決定的。若那個名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如1Thereisateacherandfortystudentsintheclassroom.2Therearefortystudentsandateacherintheclassroom.這就是我的“內(nèi)涵”,現(xiàn)在你了解我了吧!小學(xué)六年英語級過去時練習(xí)蘢總1.He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls(dance)atthepartylastnight.

359.I(watch)acartoononSaturdaylastweek.10.We(go)tozooyesterday.11.you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?12.GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.13.Whatshe(do)inthegardenlastmorning?She(catch)abeautifulbutterfly.14.They(have)abiglunchlastSpringFestival.15.Lastsummerholiday,I(go)toaparty.It(be)fun.16.Weal1(eat)deliciousfoodlastweek.17.(do)yougotothezoolastChiIdren*sDay?18.you(have)agoodtimelastnight?19.WhatNancy(do)lastSpringFestival?20.Whatholiday(come)afterChristmas?21.”(who)CDWalkmanisit?”Iasked.Butnobody(answer).22.I(watch)adragonboatracejustnow.23.Thestudents(go)tothesupermarket(by)busyesterday.24.I've(get)awalletfrommygrandma.25.you(eat)alotofdeliciousfoodlastSpringFestival?26.MrsBlack(go)toworkbybuseveryday,burMrBlack(do).27.It(be)mybirthdayyesterday,I(have)agoodtime.1.Shedoesherhomework.(用yesterdy改寫)2.Iamwatchingafilmnow.(用justnow改寫)3.Wedidamodelplaneyesterday.(改否定句及一般疑問句,并作兩種回答)4.Helentastedorangesonthefarmlastholiday.5.Ihadfivesubjectslastterm.6.Myfatherreadastorybookaboutanimalsyesterdayevening.7.Wepickedlotsofapplesonthefarm.8.Hewantedtogocamping.9.ItwasthefourthofSeptembertwodaysago.10.Iwasatthecamp.11.Therewere30appletrees(1)onthefarm(2).(3)12.Heaskedhertocleanthebedroom.13.TheywenttothecinemaonSunday小升初英語基本語法與練習(xí)三形容詞、副詞?.形容詞的修飾與位置

36?般來說,從構(gòu)詞法角度來看,后綴“l(fā)y”往往是副詞,但有的以“l(fā)y’結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞,這點(diǎn)要注意;形容詞一般可以在句子中做定語,表語等成份,但有些形容詞在句子中只能做表語和只能做前置定語;這些形容詞在修飾時候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意,下面做了一下歸納:1以Ty結(jié)尾的是形容詞而不是副詞:costly昂貴的lonely孤獨(dú)的friendly友好的silly傻氣的leisurely悠閑的ugly長得丑的deadly死一般的lively活潑的kindly熱心腸的likely可能的brotherly兄弟般的monthly每月的earthly塵世的2只作以“a”開頭的很多形容詞只能做表語:afraid害怕的alike相象的awake醒著的alone單獨(dú)的,惟一的

37asleep睡著的aware意識到的、察覺到的unable無能的alive活著的ashamed羞愧的well健康的content滿意的3只作前置定語的形容詞earthen泥土做的,大地的daily每日的latter后面的golden金子般的weekly每周的inner里面的silken絲一般的monthly每月的outer外面的wooden木制的yearly每年的elder年長的woolen毛織的former前任的mere僅,只不過only惟?的sheer純粹的very恰好的little小的live活的4.下列動詞既是實(shí)義動詞又是系動詞,注意用做系動詞時,要求形容詞做表語:remainkeepbecome>get,grow,go,come,turn?stay,stand,run?prove,seem,appear,look.如:Allthoseleftundonemaysoundgreatintheory,buteventhetruestbelieverhasgreatdifficultywhenitcomestospecifics.二.形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級

381.考比較級時,考生應(yīng)把握:1)形容詞和副詞比較級的形式是否和比較連詞對應(yīng)出現(xiàn),即是否符合原級比較及比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften,orbetterthananactualperformance.[A]asgoodas[B]asgood[C]good[D]goodas在這里asgoodas比較連詞與betterthan比較連詞同時出現(xiàn)時候,不能省略任何一個介詞。答案Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremorelikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethosewithlittleambition.2)比較的成分是否屬丁同類事物或同類概念,既是說比較要具有可比性。如:Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear*smarathonwashalf.[A]oflastyear*s[B]thoseoflastyear,s[C]ofthoseoflastyear[D]thatoflastyear*s(前后相比的應(yīng)該是今年和去年注冊參加的人數(shù)“thenumberof”故代替它的應(yīng)該是單數(shù)指示代詞“thal”,而不能選擇B,those是指代participants,不是同類對比,答案為D.Youngreaders,moreoftenthannot,findthenovelsofdickensfarmoreexcitingthanThackeray*s.3)比較級與倍數(shù)詞關(guān)系及其位黃原級結(jié)構(gòu)中可插入表達(dá)倍數(shù)的詞,表示為“為…。若干倍”,當(dāng)與有表示倍數(shù)比較的詞在一起時候等,他們的位置是,倍數(shù)詞+as…as…,或倍數(shù)詞+more…than…,但again一般放在原級詞之后,即“as+原級+again+as”。如:Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyearthanautomobileaccidents.[A]sevenmoretimes[B]seventimesmore[C]overseventimes[D]seventimes(答案為B)

39“Doyouregretpayingfivehundreddollarsforthepainting?ft"No,Iwou1dgladlyhavepaidforit.”[A]twicesomuch[B]twiceasmuch[C]asmuchtwice[D]somuchtwice(答案為B)MyuncleisasoldagainasIam4)卜.列詞和短語不用比較級形式卻表示比較概念:inferior,minor,senior,prior,preferto,superior,major,junior,preferable,differfrom,comparedwith.incomparisonwith,differentfrom,ratherthan.如:Theirwatchistoalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.[A]superior[B]advantageous[C]super[D]beneficial(答案為A)Priortohisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter.(1986年考研題)5)“比較級+and+比較級"或"moreandmore/lessandless+原級”以及"ever,steadily,daily等副詞+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越來越”的意思,與這類結(jié)構(gòu)搭配的常用動詞有g(shù)row,get,beeome等。前面兩種情況更多地出現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)中,注意的是這三種情況引導(dǎo)的比較級后面都不需要用than.如:Thingsaregettingworseandworse.AsIspoketohimhebecamelessandlessangry.HerhealthwasbecomingdailyworseTheroadgoteverworseuntiltherewasnoroadatall=theroadgotworseandworse.6)比較級前面可以用even,still,yet,allthe(more)等修飾語用以加強(qiáng)語氣,表示“更加”的意思。如TodayitisevencolderthanyesterdayIhaveyetmoreexcitingnewsforyou7)有關(guān)比較級的特殊句型:A):notsomuch…as…與其說不如說

40Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn*tsomuchariseinbirthratesafal1indeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.[A]and[B]as[C]but[D]or人口增長的主要原因與其說是因?yàn)槌錾实奶岣?,還不如說是因?yàn)獒t(yī)療的進(jìn)步帶來的死亡率下降的結(jié)果。答案為BA)no/notanymore…than…兩者一樣都不Theheartisintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.[A]notso[B]notmuch[C]muchmore[D]nomore(心臟和胃兩者都不具有智力,他們都受大腦控制。答案為D)Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,theycan1imithowmuchwateryoudrink.[A]muchmorethan[B]nomorethan[C]nolessthan[D]anymorethan(答案為D)C)no/notanyless…than…兩者一樣,都注意基本上與no/notanymore…than意思相反Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister.她和她姐姐一樣漂亮D)justas-so-正如,也(用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,theatmosphere.[A]asitis[B]thesameis[C]sois[D]andsois(答案為C)2.最高級形式應(yīng)注意的問題:D最高級比較范圍用介詞in,over,of?among.in,(al1)over用于在某一范圍內(nèi)的比較,如:inChina,allovertheworld.of,among用于在同一群體內(nèi)同類事物的比較,如:amongtheteachers,ofthefourdresses.注意:among…相當(dāng)于oneof…,不說amongall…。這一點(diǎn)考生應(yīng)與漢語表達(dá)區(qū)別開來

41in:allvisible1ights?redlighthasthelongestandviolettheshortestwavelength.[A]Among[B]Of[C]For[D]To答案為[B]2)比較級形式表示最高級意義時,比較對象的范圍應(yīng)用:anyother+單數(shù)名詞theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞theothersanyone/anythingelse上述詞是用業(yè)將比較級結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成最高級意義的關(guān)鍵詞語,切不可遺漏,尤其是。then否則會造成邏輯混亂的錯誤。如不能說:Johnrunsfasterthananyone.注意與漢語表達(dá)的不同。3)most可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞,意思相當(dāng)于very,用法區(qū)分單且數(shù),但不能用定冠詞the,如:amostinterestingbook,mostexpensiverestaurants,要注意與Mthe+形容詞最高級+of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示的最高級的區(qū)別,如:HespokeinthewarmestofvoicesTheyhavebeenmostkindtomeBasketbal1isthemostpopularofsportsinthiscountry.ChineseisthemostdifficultoflanguageChineseisamostdifficultlanguage三.不用比較級和最高級的形容詞:1)表示顏色的有:white,black2)表示形態(tài)的有:round,square,oval,circular,triangular(三角形),level3)表示性質(zhì)和特征的有:atomic,economic,scientific,sonic,golden?silvery,woolen,earthen,silent,ful1,empty,sure?dead,deaf,blind,lame*rainy4)表不狀態(tài)作表語的有:afraid,asleep,alive,ashamed*alone,aware?alike5)表示時間、空間和方位的有:daily,weekly,monthly,annual?present,front,back,forward,backward,east,west,south,north,left?right,final6)表示極限、主次、等級的有:maximum,minimum,utmost,main*major,chiefminor,superior,inferior,senior,junior,super,favorite7)含有絕對概念的有:absolute,entire,who1e,total,perfect,excellent,thorough,complete.

42四.平行結(jié)構(gòu)與比較級平行結(jié)構(gòu)很多情況下是由形容詞或副詞的比較級或者暗含比較意味的連詞引導(dǎo)的。如:Theideallistenerstaysbothinsideandoutsidethemusicatthemomentitisplayedandenjoysitalmostasmuchasthecomposeratthemomenthecomposes.大多數(shù)情況下平行結(jié)構(gòu)都是具有一定的比較含義的,有的是遞進(jìn)對比notonly-but(also);prefer…to…;ratherthan有的是同類對比:and;but;or;both…and…;either…or…;neither…nor平行結(jié)構(gòu)測試時候注意以下幾點(diǎn):L注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中相比較的內(nèi)容在語法形式上是否相同。如:Itisbettertodieone'sfeetthan.[A]livingonone*sknees[B]liveonone'sknees[C]onone*sknees[D]toliveonone,sknees(答案為D)Despitethetemporarydifficulties,themanagerprefersincreasingtheoutputtodecreasingit.2.其他具有并列或比較意義的短語也可引導(dǎo)平行結(jié)構(gòu)。1)ratherthan,letalone雖不是并列連詞,但在結(jié)構(gòu)上連接兩個語法形式相同的成分。如:Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaforma1styleinapersonalstyle.[A]ratherthan[B]otherthan[C]betterthan[D]lessthan答案為AForthenewcountrytosurvive,foritspeop1etoenjoyprosperity,neweconomicpolicieswillberequired.[A]tonameafew[B]letalone[C]nottospeak[D]let'ssay(答案為B)

432)如果平行的兩個成分在形式上是介詞短語,而且介詞相同,一般說來第二個介詞不耍省略。如:Attimes,morecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementsthanintothewritingofthefeaturesandeditorials英語學(xué)習(xí)小結(jié):只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞1)一些成雙成對的名詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見的有jeans(牛仔褲)、headphones(耳機(jī))、trousers(褲子)、clothes(衣服)、pants(短褲)、glasses(眼鏡)、shoes(鞋子)、sunglasses(太陽鏡)、scissors(剪刀)、compasses(圓規(guī))。這些名詞可單獨(dú)作主語,動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也可用...pair/pairsof修飾,作主語時動詞取決于pair的形式。2)一些食物名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見的有noodles,vegetables,snacks<,3)一些固定短語中的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見有的expressone'sthankstosb.(向某人表達(dá)感激之情),aletterofthanks(一封感謝信),inhigh/lowspirits(情緒高漲/低落),havesports(進(jìn)行體育活動)。4)一些不可數(shù)名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但卻表示單數(shù)概念,常見的有news(消息),means(手段)。Asweallknow,nonewsisgoodnews.眾所周知,沒有消息就是好消息°5)一些專有名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但卻表示單數(shù)概念,常見的有:theUnitedStates(美國)、IheUnitedNations(聯(lián)合國)、theUnitedKingdoms(英國)、theArabianNights(《一千零一夜》)小升初英語基本語法與練習(xí)四數(shù)詞表示“多少”和“第兒”的詞,叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。1)基數(shù)詞:在十位數(shù)詞和個位數(shù)詞中間加上連字符“-"?如:21twenty-one'基數(shù)詞三位以上的數(shù)詞,在白位和十位之間,,般要用連詞"and°o如:132onehundredandthirty-two.表示”萬“的詞英語中沒有。如1萬可用10千來表示。tenthousand.30萬可用threehundredthousand來表示?;鶖?shù)詞的用法:1.編號的事物用基數(shù)詞:如:LessonFive,Room101

441.表示“年,月,日“時用基數(shù)詞。2.表示“兒點(diǎn)鐘,兒點(diǎn)過兒分”用基數(shù)詞。Itistwototwo.現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)差兩分。3.加減乘除用基數(shù)詞。Oneplustwoisthree.一加二等于三。Eightminusfourisfour.八減四等于四。Twotimestwoisfour.二乘二等于四.Tendividedbytwoisfive.十除二等于五。5表示百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)詞.Thirtypercentofthemiswater.它們當(dāng)中有30%的水。6.表示分?jǐn)?shù)時,分子數(shù)字用基數(shù)詞,但分母耍用序數(shù)詞,如分子不是1,序數(shù)詞耍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。One-fifthofthebooksaremine.三分之一的書是我的。Three-tenthsofwaterisdisappeared.十分之三的水不見了。2)序數(shù)詞:表示數(shù)目順序的詞用序數(shù)詞。1.序數(shù)詞1—19除第一,第二,第三,第五,第八,第九,第十二變化不規(guī)則外,其余均由在基數(shù)詞后加上-th.2.卜位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是,是將卜位整數(shù)基數(shù)詞的詞尾-y變成i再加-eth。3.幾十幾的序數(shù)詞,只是把個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞,十位數(shù)不變。4.第?百以上的多位序數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。onehundredandtwenty-first,onethousand,threehundredandtwentieth5.序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式有時,序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有.first-1stsecond-2ndthird―3rdfourth—4thsixth―6thtwentieth―20thtwenty-third―23rd其中1st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。6.通常前面要加定冠詞the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時,則表示“再”,“又”.We'vetrieditthreetimes.Mustwetryitafourthtime?

451.基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后(名詞需大寫)即可,不需要添加定冠詞。thefirstlesson-LessonOne,thefifthpage-Page5,thetwenty-firstroom-Room21練習(xí)2)1.I4vereadsportsnewsabouttheFlracetoday.A.twoB.piecesC.twopiecesD.twopiecesof()2.DuringWorldWarII*aJewish(猶太)ladywasprotectedbyalocalfamilyinShanghaiinher.A.fifties小升初英語基本語法與練習(xí)二代詞知識要點(diǎn)代詞是用來代替人、事物等名詞的詞.(1)人稱代詞1.人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格之分,在句子中作主語用主格,作賓語或表語用賓格。2.在比較句型中的連詞后,可以用主格也可用賓格。3.句子中同時有兒個人稱代詞出現(xiàn)時,?般按第二人稱、第三人稱、第?人稱的順序。(2)物主代詞1.形容詞性物主代詞y與名詞性物主代詞關(guān)系為:名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。2.雙重所有格:名詞+of+名稱性物主代詞.Annisafriendofmymother's.3.名詞性物主:代詞用在比較句型中表示與前文中的比較對象相呼應(yīng)。Myfatherisolderthanyours,(yours指的是yourfather)我我們你你們他她它他們

46主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouyouhimheritthem形容詞性物主代詞myouryouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代詞myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves(3)指示代詞:指近處:this-*these指遠(yuǎn)處:that—those(4)反身代詞,在英語中用來表示“我自己,、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我們自己”、你們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞。反身代詞常用的固定短語有bymyself,enjoyoneself,helponeselfto,等(5)疑問代詞:疑問代詞是用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的,疑問代詞一般位于句子開頭。常用的有who,who叫whose,which,what等.練習(xí):I用相應(yīng)的人稱代詞替換卜列單詞或詞組1.Lucy6.Mike'sfatherandmother2.MrWhite7.youandSue3.theman8.thedesk4.MaryandI9.MrsGreen5.EdandJim10.manysheepIL用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞填空。1.That'sTom'sbook.Pleasegiveto.2.They,renewstudentshere.Wouldyoupleaselookafter?3.Hissisterisanurseinthehospital.Doyouknow?4.Thisisabedroom,thereisabedin?

471.isatallandprettygirl.III.用適當(dāng)?shù)奈镏鞔~填空。1.Look,thisisnewbike.Ilikeitverymuch.2.Wehavetwonewfriends,namesareSamandTim.3.Youmustlookafterthings.4.Maryusuallygoesshoppingwithparents.5.Lookatschool,it,sbigandbeautiful.Weloveitverymuch.IV.根據(jù)所給漢語完成句子。1.Whichstoryisbetter,(你的)or(他的)?2.Look!Thatis(我的)bike.Whereis(你的)?3.(我們的)houseislargerthan.(他們的).4.1haveacat.(它的)nameisMimi.5.Theseare(她的)books,(他的)areoverthere.6.isaboy.nameisDavid,(he)7.isanicegirl,nameisJenny,(she)8.IsEnglishnameFrancisco?(you)9.Whatisphonenumber?(he)10.Howdospellname?(you)11.sisterisateacher,(she)V.用適當(dāng)?shù)闹甘敬~(this,that,these,those)填空。1.pensaremine.Thoseareyours.2.-What'soverthere?-It*sacar.3.Look,rulerislongerthanthatone.4.-Hello!Who*sspeaking?-Hello!isMaryspeaking.5.WangLin,ismybrotherMike.

48VI.用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~填空。1.-areyoudoing?-I'mreadingbooks.2.-T-shirtisthis?-It*sToin's.3.doyoulikebetter,thisoneorthatone?4.-isthemaninthecar?-He'smyuncle.5.-Todidyoutalklastnight?-Myclassmate,Jim.VIL單項(xiàng)選擇。A.A.A.A.)1.Thesemy,yours)2.areareTheir,Their).3_He,They,her)4.MrGreenus,them)5.oranges.ThoseareB.his,herinthesameclass.B.We,Theirgoodteacher.oranges.C.ours,theirChineseteacherisMissGao.C.They,theiralllikeB.She,They,himC.She,We,herteachesEnglish.B.them,theyHe1ikesC.me,meareinthesameschool.verymuch.I,youandheB.you,heandC.He,Iandyou)6.1metKateonwayhomeyesterday.)7.KateandhersisterwentonhoiidaywithaclassmateofA.herB.hersC.theirD.theirs

49)8.-Whichofthesetwosweaterswillyoutake?-I,11take.Theylooknearlythesame,andIjustneedone.A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.all)9.Hehastwobasketballs.Oneisnew,isold.A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others)10.Ihaveboughtanewwatchbecausemyolddoesn*twork.A.itB.oneC.thatD.this()11.-CanyouspeakRussian?-Yes,butonly.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew()12.-Whatwou1dyouliketohave,teaormi1k?-I*dliketohaveaglassofwater.A.EachB.NeitherC.EitherD.Both()13.MycarwasbrokenandIdidn*tknowtodo.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.how()14.Therearemanytreesoftheroad!Andofthetreesisgrowinglargerandlarger.A.onbothside,anumberB.oneachsides,anumberC.onbothsides,thenumberD.oneveryside,thenumber()15.-Didshegotoschoolwhenshewasyoung?-No.Shetaughtathome.A.herB.herselfC.hersD.she小升初英語基本語法與練習(xí)一名詞知識要點(diǎn)一、名詞的數(shù)

50在英語中,名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞??蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。單數(shù)名詞表示一個可數(shù)事物。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示兩個或兩個以上的可數(shù)事物??蓴?shù)名詞可分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式:表示?個人或事物的名詞用單數(shù)形式,在使用時,前面?般加不定冠詞a或an,表示兩個或兩個以上的人或事物的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般是在詞干后附加詞尾s或es,如:bags,boxes.名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)具體規(guī)則如下:1).規(guī)則變化①一般在名詞后加s.如boy-boys,pen-*pens等。②以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的,在后面加es.如class—classes,但stomach的復(fù)數(shù)為stomachs.③”以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,y變?yōu)閕,然后再加es.如baby—babies.④以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞把f或fe改為v,再加es.如knife,half,leaf,wolf等。⑤以o結(jié)尾的名詞,除tomato,potato等少數(shù)在后面加es外,一般是在后面直接加s.如kilofkilos,photo-photos,zoo-*zoos,radio-*radios,piano—pianos,video-*videos.2).不規(guī)則變化①man-*men,woman-*women,foot->feet,tooth->teeth,,child-children,mouse-*mice②單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同如:sheep-*sheep,deer-*deer,Japanese-*Japanese,ChinesefChinese等。③有些名詞形式上是單數(shù),實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)意義,通常被稱為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:people,police等。(4)由-man和-woman構(gòu)成的合成詞如:policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen,Englishwoman-Englishwomen但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans.另外被man或woman修飾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,兩個名詞都要變。例:amandoctor-*twomendoctorsawomanteacher-*-somewomenteachers但:appletree-*appletrees⑤有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:clothes,trousers,glasses,chopsticks等。⑥數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時,常采用數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞形式,如atwo-weekholiday,an8-yearoldgirl.另一種常見的形式有fiveminutes*walk,twodays*leave等。3)不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)形式,要表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,可用以下兩種方法。①用much,alittle,alotof/lotsofsome,any等修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:

51Therichmanhasalotofmoney.②可用表單位的詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞,如:apieceofpaper,twopiecesofpaper,abottleoforange,aglassofmiIk,threebagsofrice。二、名詞的格1)表示有生命的東西(人或動物)的名詞所有格?般在名詞后加's.如:myfather*sstudy以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格只在名詞后加’如:theteachers*readingroom教師閱覽室;不以s結(jié)尾的更數(shù)名詞的所有格要加's.如:thewomen'sshoes女式鞋子。如果?樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有,則只在后?個名詞的后面加's。如果不是共有的,則兩個名詞之后都要加's.如:JaneandHelen*sroom珍妮和海倫的房間(共有)Bill'sandTom*sradios比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的收音■?機(jī)(不共有)2)表示無生命的東西,一般用of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:amapofChina練習(xí),I.寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.watch11.strawberry2.chiId12.thief3.photo13.girlstudent4.diary14.mandoctor5.day15.womannurse6.foot16.peartree7.book17.peach8.dress18.box9.tooth19.baby10.deer20.German11.翻譯下列詞組。

521.一些桃子__10.我的自行車—2.五袋大米U.教師節(jié)3.八只腳12.三八婦女節(jié)4.二十顆牙齒13.二張紙5.三瓶果汁14,四個男醫(yī)生—6.四十個女警察__15.七顆梨樹7.十一把小刀16.一副世界地圖8.九個德國人17.Helen的朋友9.許多孩子18,雙胞胎的媽媽—111.按要求改寫下列句子。1.Thereisanorangetreeinthegarden.(改為復(fù)數(shù)句)2.Sheisagoodteacher.(改為復(fù)數(shù)句)3.fhavesomeinterestingstorybooks.(改為單數(shù)句)4.Therearesomewomenteachersoverthere.(改為單數(shù)句)5.-Whatisit?-It'sabox.(改為復(fù)數(shù)句)IV.單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.MrSmithisfather.Theyaretwinsisters.

53A.Mary'sandJohn*sB.Mary'sandJohnC.MaryandJohn*s()2.Sheneeds.A.aglasswaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassesofwaters()3.Therearefiveinourschool.A.womanteacherBwomanteachersC.womenteachers()4.Therearemanyinthefridge.A.foodB.breadC.vegetables()5.Fmthirsty.IthinkI'llbuysome.A.waterB.eggsC.cakes)6.Johnboughtforhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoe)7.-Whatwouldyou1iketohaveforlunch,sir?T'dlikeA.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken)8.Therearefiveinourfactory.A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers)9.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout.A.thirtyminutes*swalkB.thirtyminute*swalkC.thirtyminutes*walkD.thirtyminuteswalk)10.turnyellowinautumn.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs)11.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheshop?A.shoeB.shoes*C.shoesD.shoe*s()12.hardworkitis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa

54()13.Hisfamilyahappyone.A.beB.areC.isD.was()14.Imettwointhestreetyesterdaymorning.A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanesegarden()15.Mygrandparents1ikeverymuch,sotheygrowsomeintheireveryyear.A.vegetable,vegetableB.vegetable,vegetablesB.C.vegetables,vegetablesD.vegetables,vegetableV.用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.Howmany(sheep)arethereonthehi11?2.Thereissome(food)inthebasket.3.Thebabyhasonlytwo(tooth)now.4.Thereisalotof(water)inthebottle.5.Therearefive(people)inhisfamily.6.Let*stake(photo),OK?7.Ihavelotsof(tomato)here.8.The(leaf)onthetreeturnyellow.9.Their(dictionary)looknew.11.Therearemany(fox)inthepicture.12.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent(idea).13.Wouldyoulikesome(tomato)?14.Jimhassome(knife).15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof(Lucy).

55小升初英語語法總結(jié)一祈使句,感嘆句,疑問句一.祈使句Becareful!Pleaseopenyourbooks.Letmehaveatry.Don,topenthedoor.口訣:祈使句無主語,主語you常省去,動詞原形當(dāng)謂語,句首加don't變否定?!?感嘆句:用what和how引導(dǎo),what修飾的是名詞,how修飾的是副詞或形容詞。結(jié)構(gòu):What+a/an+形+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+(主語+謂語)!What+形+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)!How+形/副+(主語+謂語)!afinedayitis!(What)usefulworkwehavedone!(What)carefulmymotheris!(How)deliciousbreaditis!(What)做題技巧,從右往左看,先劃掉感嘆號前的主語和謂語,剩下的是名訶就用what,剩下的是形容詞或者副詞就用how。當(dāng)然名詞還需辨別可數(shù)不可數(shù)來確定是否有冠詞a/an。=.疑問句疑問句有一般疑問句,特殊疑問句,選擇疑問句,反意疑問句.1.一般疑問句:需耍用yes或no來回答。結(jié)構(gòu):助動詞+主語+謂語Haveyoulockedthedoor?Yes,Ihave.Canyouplaythepiano?Yes,Ican.2.特殊疑問句:對句子中某一特殊部分提問的疑問句。結(jié)構(gòu):特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句特殊疑問詞:"非常6+1”,即6個W開頭的疑問詞(what/who/which/where/when/why)和1個H(How)開頭的疑問詞?!飄ow與what的其他用法

56(l)Howmuchmoneydoyouwant?Howmanypicturesdidyoubuy?Howfastdoeshedrive?Howoftendoyougoabroad?Howmanytimesdoyougoswimminginsummer?Howsoonwillyoucomeback?Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?12)Whatnumberareyou?Whatcolorisyourcoat?Whattimeisit?Whatdayisittoday?3.選擇疑問句:提供兩種或兩種以上的情況,供對方選擇的。選擇疑問句不能用Yes和No網(wǎng)答,其答案只能是問句中提到的兩個選擇之一,如果考試中出現(xiàn)選擇疑問句的選擇題,選項(xiàng)中的Yes和No都要排除.Doyouliketeaorcoffee?Ilikecoffee.DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?IspeakEnglishWhorunsfaster,TomorJohn?Tom.4.反意疑問句:附在陳述句之后,對陳述句所說的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問。結(jié)構(gòu):助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語,前肯后否,前否后肯。小升初英語考試中,?般以填空或者選擇的形式,讓孩子把反義疑問句后半句補(bǔ)充完整,從而來考察孩子對反義疑問句的掌握。Helikesplayingfootball,doesn,the?HecanspeakEnglish,can*the?★其他類型反意疑問句的用法(1)Therebe變成bethereThereare3dogs,aren,tthere?Therewil1beameetingtomorrow,won9tthere?(2)祈使句后的反意疑問句:肯定祈使句的反意疑問句通常用willyou或won'tyou,否定祈使句的反意疑問句只用willyouoPassmeabook,wi11you?Haveanothercupoftea,won'tyou?

57Don'twatchtoomuchTV,willyou?★★L(fēng)et9sgoshopping,shallwe?Letusgonow,willyou?(3)陳述部分用no,noone,nothing,nobody,never,few,little,seldom,hardly,rarely,等否定含義的詞時,疑問部分用肯定含義。Birdsrarelybuildnestsinourgarden,dothey?Hehardlysayssuchwords,doeshe?(4)陳述句的主語是不定代詞evewthing,something,anything,nothing時,其后的反意疑問句主語用itoEverythingisright,isn'tit?Nothingisinthebox,isit?⑸陳述句的主語是不定代詞everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,noone,none時,其后的反意疑問句主語用they。Everybodyhasgotthenewbooks,haven,tthey?Everyoneknowshisjob,don'tthey?Anyonecandothat,can'tthey?Nooneisinterestedinmath,arethey?★不定代詞做主語的反義疑問句,指物的?般用it反問,指人的用they反問。(6)陳述部分的謂語是usedto時,疑問部分用didn't+主語或usedn*t+主語。Sheustedtoclimbthemountain,usedn*tshe?/didn,tshe?(7)陳述部分有hadbetter+do,疑問句部分用hadn'tyou?Youfdbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn,tyou?(8)含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句中,簡短問句?般反映書句中主、謂之間的關(guān)系。Shesaidthattheywerehappy,didn'tshe?Youthinkthatyouarefunny,donttyou??但如果主句是Ithink,Ibelieve等時,則簡短問句反映的是that從句中主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。

58Ithink(that)heisserious,isn'the?Idon*tthink(that)heisserious,ishe?(9)否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。Thisisimportant,isn'tit?Heisunhappy,isn'the?小升初英語語法總結(jié)一一狀語從句什么是狀語從句?狀語就是在一句話中,表達(dá)該句的時間,地點(diǎn),方式,原因,條件等的成分。那么狀語從句就是用一個從句,表示狀語。小升初考試需要掌握的狀從:一般可分為九大類,分別表示時間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、地點(diǎn)、原因、比較和方式。難點(diǎn):a.掌握連詞b.注意時態(tài),特別是時間,條件狀語從句中的主將從現(xiàn),主從時態(tài)一致原則(1)時間狀語從句連詞:when?while,assoonas,not…until,before,after,since,etc.注意:主將從現(xiàn),主從時態(tài)?致eg.:Iwi11visitmygoodfriendwhenIhavetime.Someoneknockedatthedoorwhen/whileIwassleeping.Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.(2)地點(diǎn)狀語從句連詞:where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,nowhereYoucangoanywhereyou1ike.(3)條件狀語從句

59連詞:if,unless除非,as/solongas只要,once一旦eg.:Ifitdoesn,traintomorrow?wewillgotherebybike.You111failintheexamunlessyouworkharder.(4)結(jié)果狀語從句:連詞:sotaht,so+adj./adv.+that,such+n.+thateg.:Shewassoangrythatshecouldn,tspeak.Sheworkedhardsothateverythinggotreadyby6o,clock.(5)目的狀語從句連詞:sothat,inorderthateg.:Pleasespeakmoreslowlysothatwecanmakefullnotes.(6)讓步狀語從句連詞:although,though,as,eventhough/if,whether…ornot,nomatter+疑問詞/疑問詞-ever(7)原因狀語從句連詞:because,since/nowthat,as語氣的強(qiáng)弱:because最強(qiáng),since次之,as最弱(8)比較狀語從句連詞:as…as,notas/so…as,,,,than(9)方式狀語從句連詞:as,asif/though好像小升初英語語法總結(jié)——主謂一致1.主語是he,she,it,either,neither,each,anything,something,everything,nothing,someone,everyone,anyone,nobody,noone,等代詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

60Someoneisaskingforyou.有人在找你。Everyoneishere.大家都來了。Eachoftheboyshasanapple.2.表示總稱意義的名詞people,cattle,police做主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Cattlearefarmer*sfriends.Thepolicemanisstandingatthestreetcorner.Thepolicearesearchingforhim.3.主語是:時間,距離,價格等名詞,即使是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動詞只用單數(shù)。Threeyearspassesquickly.Twometersisnotlongenough.4.主語是:clothes,glasses,trousers,shoes,socks,gloves等名詞時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thetrousersarenotexpensive.Yoursocksareoverthere.5.t語是:family,class,team,group等名詞時,如果是作為整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果作為其中一個個的成員,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Ourclassismadeupoftenstudents.Ourclassareworkingveryhard.6.主語是thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時,表示的數(shù)口,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。但是主語是anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時,表示許多,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolislarge.AnumberofstudentsinourschoolarefromAmerica.7.and連接的兩個成對的名詞:forkandknife,breadandbutter,coffeeandwaler等,表示單一的概念,故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Whereisyoueforkandknife?Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.8.and連接的兩個名詞若是指同一個人,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Theteacherandwriterismyuncle.Theteacherandthewriterarecomingtousnow.9.and連接的兩個名詞前分別有every,each,manya修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirlenjoysthemselvesintheschool.

61Manyateacherandmanyastudenthasspokenatthemeeting.2.主語是:manya+名詞單數(shù);a+名詞單數(shù)+ortwo,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。ManyastudentisinterestedinEnglish.很多學(xué)生對英語感興趣。Aworkerortwoisgoingtobesenttoworkabroad.一兩個工人將被派往國外去工作。3.主語是:oneortwo+名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Oneortwospellingmistakeshavebeenfoundinyourcomposition.4.Oneandahalf+名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.5.either…or…,neither***nor…,notonly??,butalso…等連接名詞作主語時,謂語動詞遵循就近原則。Neitheryounorheisright.6.主語是:介詞with,togetherwith,except,besides,aswellas,but等連接的兩個名詞時,謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)與介詞前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。Theteacherwithhisstudentsisdiscussingaquestion.老師和學(xué)生們在討論問題。Nothingbutcarsissoldintheshop.小升初必會英語語法:虛擬語氣如果你看到下列的句子,你會認(rèn)為它們是正確的還是錯的呢?1.1wishIwereabird.2.Werequestthatyoubeheretomorrow.也許你會說:"哈哈,第一句的Iwere錯了,應(yīng)該是Iwas;而第二句中的yoube是什么東東呀?不是youare,也不是youwillbe,什么yoube?!”其實(shí)上面的句子都是一種稱為Subjunctive類型的句子。SubjunctiveMood有的書譯為"假設(shè)語氣”,雖不很貼切;但在相當(dāng)大的程度上,告訴我們這種句子的特點(diǎn)。SubjunctiveMood中文譯作“虛擬語氣Z似乎不及“假設(shè)語氣”那么容易明白。它是一種動詞形式,表示說話人的某種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義?;旧希摂M語氣可分為虛擬現(xiàn)在(SubjunetivePresent)和虛擬過去(SubjunctivePasi)兩種;但它們和時態(tài)(Tenses)上所指的現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(PresentTense)和過去時態(tài)(PastTense)是有所不同的。

62一、虛擬現(xiàn)在(SubjunctivePresent):虛擬現(xiàn)在的句子,在任何時候都要用動詞的原形(rootform),就算是第三人稱(he,she,it)也是如此。如:1.1現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(SimplePresent):(右邊為虛擬語氣)IworkIworkyouworkyouworkheworkshework(注意到了嗎,是work,不是works)sheworksshework(不是sheworks喔)itworksitwork(同樣不是itworks喔)weworkweworktheyworktheywork1.2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)(PresentContinuous):(右邊為虛擬語氣)IamworkingIbeworking(注意用的是be,怪怪的!)youareworkingyoubeworkingheisworkinghebeworkingsheisworkingshebeworkingitisworkingitbeworkingweareworkingwebeworkingtheyareworingtheybeworking1.3現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)(PresentPerfect):(右邊為虛擬語氣)IhaveworkedIhaveworkedyouhaveworkedyouhaveworkedhehasworkedhehaveworked(用的還是have喔)shehasworkedshehaveworkedithasworkedithaveworkedwehaveworkedwehaveworkedtheyhaveworkedtheyhaveworked2.4現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)(PresentPerfectContinuous):(右邊為虛擬語氣)IhavebeenworkingIhavebeenworkingyouhavebeenworkingyouhavebeenworking

63hehasbeenworkinghehavebeenworking(是hehave,不是hehas)shehasbeenworkingshehavebeenworkingithasbeenworkingithavebeenworkingwehavebeenworkingwehavebeenworkingtheyhavebeenworkingtheyhavebeenworking談?wù)勌摂M語氣(SubjunctiveMood)(二)二、虛擬過去(SubjunctivePast)虛擬過去的動詞無論在什么情況之下都要用過去復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:動詞be,在虛擬過去中要用were.2.1過去時態(tài)(SimplePast):(右邊為虛擬語氣)IworkedIworkeyouworkedyouworkedheworkedheworkedsheworkedsheworkeditworkeditworkedweworkedweworkedtheyworkedtheyworked2.2過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)(PastContinuous):(右邊為虛擬語氣)IwasworkingIwereworking(注意是Iwere)youwereworkingyouwereworkinghewasworkinghewereworking(是hewere喔)shewasworkingshewereworkingitwasworkingitwereworkingwewereworkingwewereworkingtheywereworkingtheywereworking2.3過去完成時態(tài)(PastPerfect):(右邊為虛擬語氣)hehadworkedhehadworkedshehadworkedshehadworkedIhadworkedIhadworkedyouhadworkedyouhadworked

64ithadworkedithadworkedwehadworkedwehadworkedtheyhadworkedtheyhadworked(耶,全部都用had!)1.4過去完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)(PastPerfectContinuous):(右邊為虛擬語氣)IhadbeenworkingIhadbeenworkingyouhadbeenworkingyouhadbeenworkinghehadbeenworkinghehadbeenworkingshehadbeenworkingshehadbeenworkingithadbeenworkingithadbeenworkingwehadbeenworkingwehadbeenworkingtheyhadbeenworkingtheyhadbeenworking小升初英語必會,過去時過去分詞巧記動詞過去式的不規(guī)則變化要特殊記憶,可是其中也有規(guī)律可循哦,請看:1.過去式和動詞原形同形.如:hit-*hithurt-*hurtlet_*letcost—costread_*readcut-*cutput-*put2.原形以-o,/-aw結(jié)尾的動詞,其過去式形式大多以-ew結(jié)尾。如:know-*knewgrow->grewdraw-*drewthrow-*threw3.把動詞原形中的元音字母i改為a來變成過去式形式.如:sit->satswim-*swamgive-*gavedrink-*drankring-*rangbegin-*began4.把動詞原形中的元音字母i改為。來變成其過去式形式。如:ride-*rodedrive-*drovewrite-*wrotewin-*wonshine-*shone5.一些動詞的過去式以-ought結(jié)尾。如:think-thoughtbuy-*boughtbring-*broughtfight-fought

651.一些動詞的過去式以-aught結(jié)尾。如:teach-*taughtcatch—caught2.有些以-eep結(jié)尾的動詞要把-eep改為-ept來變成其過去式形式.如:keep-*keptsweep-*sweptsleep-*slept3.有些以-end結(jié)尾的動詞要把d改為t來變成其過去式形式。如:lend—lentspend-*spentsend-*sent4.在有些動詞的詞尾直接加t來變成其過去式形式.如:learn-*learntmean—meantburn-burnt小升初英語語法總結(jié)一一被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)bedone時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)例句主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesAm/is/aredoneCatseatfish.Fishareeatenbycats.-■般過去時didWas/weredoneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/isaredoingAm/is/arebeingdoneSheiswateringflowers.Flowersarebeingwateredbyher.過去進(jìn)行時Was/weredoingWas/werebeiingdoneShewaswritingaletteratthistimeyesterday.Aletterwasbeingwrittenbyheratthistimeyesterday.現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdoneHave/hasbeendoneIhavefinishedthework.Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyme.過去完成時haddoneHadbeendoneIhadfinishedthework.Theworkhadbeenfinishedbyme.?般將來時Will/shall/bcgoingtodoWill/shall/bcgoingtobedoneTheywillplanttreestomorrow.Freeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.含有情態(tài)動詞can/may/mustdocan/may/mustbedoneIcanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.小升初畢業(yè)英語四會句型匯總1一般疑問句一、一般疑問句:1>Didyoureadbooks?你讀書了嗎?Yes,Idid.是的,我讀過了。No,Ididn't.不,我沒有讀過。

662、Isshequiet?她文靜嗎?No,sheisn't.She'sveryactive.不,她不。她很活躍。Isshestrict?她嚴(yán)格嗎?Yes,sheis,butshe*sverykind.是的,她是,但是她很和藹。3、Isthisateacher*sdesk?這是一張講臺桌嗎?Isitcold?冷嗎?IsherbirthdayinJune?她的生日在六月嗎?IsthisyourT-shirt?這是你的T恤衫嗎?Yes,itis.是的。No,itisn't./No,it,snot.不,不是的。4、Canyoumakethebed?你會鋪床嗎?Canyouuseacomputer?你會使用電腦嗎?Yes,Ican.是的,我會。No,Ican*t.不,我不會。5、Aretheyducks?它們是鴨子嗎?Aretheyeatingthehoney?它們吃蜂蜜嗎?Yes,theyare.是的,它們是。No,theyaren,t.不,它們不是。6、Isthereaforestinthepark?公園里有?個森林嗎?Isthereariver?那里有條河嗎?Yes,thereis.是的,那里有。No,therearen*t.不,那里沒有。7、Arethereanypandasinthemountains?ill里有一些熊貓嗎?Arethereanyfishintherivers?河里有一些魚嗎?Yes,thereare.是的,那里有。No,therearen*t.不,那里沒有。8、Areyoueatinglunch?你(們)正在吃午餐嗎?Yes,Iam./Yes,weare.是的,我正在吃。/是的,我們正在吃。No,Iamnot./No,wearen*t.不,我沒有在吃。/不,我們沒有在吃。9、Isheplayingchess?他正在下棋嗎?Yes,heis.是的,他是。No,heisn,t.不,他沒有。10、Isshecountinginsects?她正在數(shù)昆蟲嗎?Yes,sheis.是的,她是。No,sheisn't.不,她沒有。11、Doesshe/heteachEnglish?她(他)教英語嗎?Yes,she/hedoes.是的,她(他)是。No,she/hedoesn,t.不,她(他)不是。

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