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1、摘要隨著社會文明的發(fā)展,科學的進步,人類物質文化生活水平的提高和環(huán)保、能源意識的增強,社會呼喚著一種無污染、噪聲低、操作簡單、速度適中的個人交通代步工具。電動自行車作為一種理想的“綠色”代步工具,為人們帶來了福音??紤]到我國目前的國情,電動自行車將迅速得到普及。本課題采用ATMEL公司AVR系列單片機ATmgea16作為控制芯片,兼顧成本與性能要求,做了以下方面的工作:首先,綜述了電動自行車和稀土無刷直流電機的國內外的發(fā)展狀況,基于其應用的特點,對電機的類型、控制策略、功率變換器與控制核心進行了綜合的考慮,提出了適合此情況的稀土無刷直流電機驅動系統(tǒng)方案。其次,根據(jù)AVR單片機的特點詳細設計了
2、系統(tǒng)的控制策略:將電流檢測設計成分流電阻間接測流;將調速系統(tǒng)設計為電流、速度雙閉環(huán)控制,以保證調速的精度和響應速度,并在軟件中分別用PI算法來實現(xiàn);制定了電機“軟起動”控制方案;采用了高性能的驅動集成電路IR2130來驅動MOFSET組成的全橋逆變電路;將PWM波的發(fā)生及系統(tǒng)保護等功能采用主控芯片集中處理,增加了系統(tǒng)的可靠性。最后,依據(jù)控制策略設計了系統(tǒng)軟、硬件。關鍵詞:稀土無刷直流電機AVR控制系統(tǒng)PWMAbstractWiththedevelopmentofsocialcivilizationandscientificprogress,humanmaterialandculturalli
3、vingstandardsandenvironmentalprotection,energy,awarenessofthecommunitycallingforapollution-free,lownoise,simpleoperation,thespeedofpersonaltransportationaffordablemeansoftransport-Asanideal"green"meansoftransport,electricbicyclebringsthegospel-TakingintoaccountChina'scurrentsituation,theelectricbik
4、ewillsoonbeuniversal.TheissueusesAVRMCUATmgea16ofATMELCompanyasthecontroller,takingintoaccountofthecostandperformancerequirements,doingthefollowingwork:FirstreviewingtheelectricbicycleandrareearthbrushlessDCmotordevelopmentathomeandabroad,basingonthecharacteristicsofitsapplication,takingintoacompre
5、hensiveaccountthetypeofmotor,controlstrategy,powerconverterandthecontrolofthecore-AdrivesystemsolutionsisproposedforthissituationrareearthbrushlessDCmotor.Secondly,accordingtothecharacteristicsofAVRmicrocontroller,Idesignedthesystemcontrolstrategydetailed:currentdetectionshuntresistordesignedtoindi
6、rectlymeasuretheflow;speedcontrolsystemdesignedforcurrent,velocity,double-loopcontroltoensuretheaccuracyandspeedofresponsespeed,andPIwasusedinthesoftwarealgorithmtoachieve;developingamotor"softstart"controlscheme;usinghigh-performanceintegratedcircuitIR2130drivertodriveMOFSETfull-bridgeinvertercirc
7、uitcomprising;thePWMwaveoccurrenceandsystemprotectionfeaturessuchascentralizedcontrolchipusedtoincreasethesystemreliability.Finally,designingthesoftwareandhardwareofthesystembasedonthecontrolstrategy.Keywor