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1、過去分詞的句法功能 過去分詞是一種非謂語動詞,在句中不能單獨做謂語。但它具有形容詞和副詞的特性,故在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。(一)定語 作定語用的過去分詞如果是單個的詞,就放在被修飾的詞的前面;若為分詞短語則放在所修飾的詞的后面。如:TheexcitedchildrenareopeningtheirChristmaspresents.興奮的孩子們正在打開他們的圣誕禮物。Someofthepeopleinvited(=whohavebeeninvited)tothepartycan’tcome.有些被邀
2、請參加晚會的人不能來?! ∽⒁猓海?)做定語用的過去分詞通常指已完成的動作,若要表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動作則要用過去分詞的進(jìn)行形式。Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.=Wemustkeepasecretofthethingswhicharebeingdiscussedhere.我們必須對這里討論的問題保密。(2)如指未來的情況,都用不定式的被動形式。HepreparedsomepoemstoberecitedattheEnglishevening.他準(zhǔn)備了幾首將在英語晚
3、會上朗誦的詩。例1.Thecomputercentre,______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool. A.open B.opening C.havingopened D.opened答案與簡析:選D。過去分詞短語作后置定語,相當(dāng)于非限制性定語從句whichwasopened.過去分詞作后置定語課文中的例句:Andthislandscapeisalsowonderfullycompact,soyoucanstrideovergra
4、ssyslopeswithspectacularviewsofidylliclakesfarbelow,setagainstimposingpeaks.(二)表語Beprepared!做好準(zhǔn)備!Everybodygotexcitedabouttheboattrip.大家對坐船游覽倍感興奮。(三)賓(主)語補足語Whatmadeyousofrightened?什么使你這樣驚恐?Hewasfoundinjuredatthefootofacliff.他被發(fā)現(xiàn)在山巖腳下受了傷。例2.Themanagersdiscussedthe
5、planthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear. A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryout答案與簡析:選C。過去分詞短語在定語從句中作賓補。(四)做狀語1.Bornintoapeasantfamily(=Ashewasbornintoapeasantfamily),hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.(由于)他出生于農(nóng)民家庭,他只上了兩年學(xué)。2.Unitedwesta
6、nd,dividedwefall.=(Ifweare)Unitedwestandand(=Ifwearedivided)wefall.團結(jié)則存,分裂則亡。3.Wewenthomeexhausted(=andwereexhausted). 我們筋疲力盡地回到了家里。4.Tuckedaway(=Althoughitistuckedaway)inonecornerofnorthwestEngland,theLakeDistrictisquiteunique.5.Nowpreserved(=Since/Asitisnowpres
7、erved該結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首作為原因狀語更貼切,若置于句尾則可視為伴隨狀語)foreverastheLakeDistrictNationalPark,thislovelycornerofthecountryisquintessentiallyEnglish.6.分詞有時和連詞一起用,相當(dāng)于狀語從句的省略?!obbiehadarrangedforthismantocomewhenever(hewas)needed. 羅比已安排好,隨時需要這人就可以來。例3.Thechildcomplainedthattheoldmanmad
8、enoanswerwhen_____wherehelived. A.a(chǎn)sking B.a(chǎn)sked C.toask D.havingasked答案與簡析:選B。狀語從句的省略when(hewas)asked.注意:當(dāng)修飾人的表情、眼神、眼淚、聲音時要用-ed形式。例.Herfri