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1、不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)請(qǐng)看兩道試題:1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.??A.tosee??B.tobeseen???C.seeing??D.seen?分析:remain后接todosth.作表語,see與主語從句是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以要用tobeseen,故答案為B。2.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______.A.thethiefhavingcaught??B.catchthethief??C.thet
2、hiefbeingcaught?????D.thethieftobecaught分析:leadto中的to是介詞,后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語?!靶⊥当蛔ァ睉?yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式beingcaught,所以選C。不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。下面就這兩點(diǎn)做一簡(jiǎn)要介紹。一、不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)???1.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),這個(gè)不定式要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:???Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowafternoonisofgreatimportance.???明天下午要開的會(huì)議非常重要。再如兩道選擇題:(1)LittleTomwould
3、love______tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetaken??B.totake????C.beingtaken??D.taking分析:本題考查不定式在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語形式。wouldlove后一般只用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。句中主語littleTom是take的邏輯賓語,用被動(dòng)形式,所以選A。(2)TogoshoppingonSundaysseemstomymotherarule______.A.toneverbreak?B.nevertobebreakingC.nevertobebroken?D.nevertohavebroken分析:動(dòng)詞不定式和前面的aru
4、le有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以要用它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語,故選C。2.如果句子的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者,則大都采用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式來作名詞的后置修飾語。如:Ihavealettertowrite.(不用tobewritten)我有一封信要寫。Youneedsomethingtoeat.(不用tobeeaten)你需要吃些東西。但是,在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,雖然常用主動(dòng)語態(tài),但是用被動(dòng)語態(tài)也可以。如:Thereisameetingtoattend.(可用tobeattended)要參加個(gè)會(huì)議。???3.當(dāng)征求對(duì)方是否有事需說話人做時(shí),不定式作定語用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:“Wouldyouh
5、avealettertobetyped,manager?”askedhissecretary.“經(jīng)理,你有信要打嗎?”秘書問道。二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)???當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),就要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。???1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣,在句中可以作主語和賓語。如:????Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.????他害怕被老師責(zé)罵。(賓語)????再如下面的高考題:????______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.?????A
6、.Exposed??B.Havingexposed????????C.Beingexposed??D.Afterbeingexposed?????分析:本句中expose與one'sskin是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)該是皮膚被暴露在陽光下,所以要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)形式作主語,故答案為C。????2.一些動(dòng)詞如need,want,require等作“需要”講時(shí),其后的動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義,也可以用不定式的被動(dòng)形式來替換。如:?????Theblackboardneedscleaning.=Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.黑板需要擦干凈。???
7、??Thebrokenwindowwantsrepairing.=Thebrokenwindowwantstoberepaired.?那個(gè)破窗戶需要修理。?????另外注意beworth及beworthy的用法:?????Theproblemisworthdiscussing.??????Theproblemisworthyofbeingdiscussed.?????Theproblemisworthytobediscu