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1、NUTRITIONALAPPROACHFORCATTLEFOOTCARE通過營養(yǎng)的辦法護(hù)理牛的體部INFECTIOUSSKINDISEASES(MULTIFACTORIALPROBLEM)DiseaseorganismSpirochaeteDeepSlurry厚的泥漿泥漿漿漿WetHooves蹄部潮濕潮潮濕濕LowOxygen氧FOOTWARTSHousingSystemNutrition(Protein)感染性皮膚?。ǘ喾N因素引起的問題）病原生物螺旋體屬氧氣含量低蹄疣（蹄部肉贅）圈舍條件營養(yǎng)（蛋白質(zhì)）CLINICALLESIONSINHOOFRESULTFROM:POORHORNQU
2、ALITYDEPENDSON決QUALITYEPIDERMALTISSUESNutrition{KeratinizationIntercellularSubstances臨床上蹄部損傷由以下因素造成：角質(zhì)質(zhì)量差決定于表皮組織的質(zhì)量營養(yǎng)角質(zhì)化細(xì)胞間的物質(zhì)HORNQUALITY*Keratinfilamentsandassociatedproteins*Crosslinkagesbydisulphidebondstoformkeratinmasses*IntercellularcementingsubstancesREQUIREDNUTRIENTS*Sulphurcontainingami
3、noacids,cystine,methionineandhistidine*FattyAcids*Calcium,Zinc*Biotin角質(zhì)質(zhì)量角質(zhì)蛋白絲和相關(guān)的蛋白通過二硫鍵的交叉聯(lián)接形成交織基質(zhì)細(xì)胞間的粘接基質(zhì)需要的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含硫氨基酸，胱氨酸，蛋氨酸和組氨酸脂肪酸鈣，鋅生物素CONCENTRATEFEEDINGANDHOOFDISORDERSLargeamountofNoEffectStarchorrestrictedfibreleadsBergstenandFrank(1998)tohoofdisordersOlssonetal.(1998)Peterseetal.(1989)
4、LiversayandFleming(1980)MansonandLever(1988)(Concretecubicles)RubberMats(TieStall)精料喂量與蹄病大量的淀粉或纖維飼料供給有限導(dǎo)致蹄病無效（混凝土隔間）橡膠墊（拴系欄位）RUMENFERMENTATIONPATTERNSASACONSEQUENCEOFADAPTIONDUETOpHREGULATION適應(yīng)PH值變化規(guī)律的瘤胃發(fā)酵形式瘤胃PH醋酸丙酸乳酸克分子（%）CHANGESOFRUMENpHTHROUGHOUTA24HOURPERIODINDAIRYCOWSFEDCLOVERPASTUREPLUSSMA
5、LLAMOUNTSOFMAIZESILAGE(Stockdale,1994)放牧飼喂苜蓿草加少量玉米青貯的奶牛的24間的瘤胃PH值變化情況時間（小時）苜蓿草苜蓿草加青貯SEQUENCEOFEVENTSLEADINGTOLAMINITIS導(dǎo)致板炎的原因（事件的結(jié)果導(dǎo)致板炎）營養(yǎng)環(huán)境傳染病子宮炎乳房炎蹄腐爛組胺應(yīng)激震動外傷（創(chuàng)傷）板炎蹄部變質(zhì)板層破壞血管收縮/擴張革蘭氏陰性菌死亡和內(nèi)毒素釋放PH值下降產(chǎn)生乳酸谷物過多粗料切割過細(xì)谷物懶漢喂法（谷物飼喂次數(shù)過少）PREDICTIONOFMICROBIALNITROGENFLOWSTOTHEDUODENUMINDRYANDLACTATINGCO
6、WS(FromFirkinetal.1998)MicrobialNitrogenflows(g/day)NetEnergy(Lactation)Mcal/dayDryCowLactatingRationsN.R.C.RegressionFirkinetal.(1998)(Frompublisheddata)微生物氮流入干奶牛和泌乳奶牛十二指腸的預(yù)測干奶牛泌如日糧N.R.C.回歸直(發(fā)表的數(shù)據(jù))凈能(產(chǎn)奶)Mcal/日微生物氮流量(克/日)Methionineg/dREQUIREMENTFORMETHIONINEINHIGHYIELDINGDAIRYCOWSCOMPAREDTOESTIM
7、ATEDSYNTHESISOFMICROBIALMETHIONINEINRUMEN40litresmethioninerequirement30litresmethioninerequirementMilkProductionL/day高產(chǎn)奶牛的蛋氨酸需要量與估測的瘤胃微生物蛋氨酸合成的比較產(chǎn)40升奶蛋氨酸需要量產(chǎn)30升奶蛋氨酸需要量牛奶產(chǎn)量40升干奶牛蛋氨酸克/日AMINOACIDCOMPOSITIONOFPROTEINMEALSANDRUM
