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1、摘要近年來,隨著環(huán)境保護(hù)要求的提高,人們迫切希望替代石油和化學(xué)工業(yè)中一些重要反應(yīng)所使用的環(huán)境不友好催化劑,如:HF、H2SO4、H3PO4和AlCl3等。固體超強酸能在較低溫度下活化共價的C-H和C-C鍵,且兼具多相催化劑的可再生性和液體超強酸的高活性和高選擇性的優(yōu)點,極有可能成為這些環(huán)境不友好催化劑的替代品,創(chuàng)立一批無環(huán)境污染的清潔工藝。SO42-/MxOy型固體超強酸,尤其是SO42-/ZrO2具有不腐蝕反應(yīng)裝置,環(huán)境友好,可在高溫下重復(fù)使用等優(yōu)點,近三十年來一直受到國內(nèi)外催化研究者的廣泛關(guān)
2、注。與常用的固體酸催化劑相比,它們的最大優(yōu)點是酸強度高,彌補了前者在酸強度方面的不足,滿足強酸催化反應(yīng)的需要。而且它們?nèi)菀资沟孜锏腃-H和C-C鍵活化,形成碳正離子,促使酸催化反應(yīng)在相對較低的溫度下進(jìn)行。從而節(jié)省能耗,減少副反應(yīng),并且有利于生成高辛烷值的支鏈烴。因此,是一類很有應(yīng)用潛力的新型綠色催化材料。本文綜述了SO42-/ZrO2固體超強酸催化劑的結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)、制備方法以及在各類反應(yīng)中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)展,總結(jié)了SO42-/ZrO2固體超強酸催化劑的催化性能,并預(yù)測了今后的發(fā)展方向和應(yīng)用前景。關(guān)鍵詞:S
3、O42-/ZrO2;固體超強酸;催化劑;異構(gòu)化AbstractRecently,withtheincreasingofenvironmentalconstrains,theenvironmentalunfriendlycatalystsusedinpetrochemicalindustry,suchasHF,H2SO4,H3PO4andA1C13,areurgenttobesubstitutedbynewcleancatalysts.Solidsuperacidsarecapableofacti
4、vatingthecovalentC-HandC-Cbondsatlowertemperatures,andrevealalltheadvantagesofheterogeneouscatalystssuchasregenerabilitycoupledwiththebenefitsofliquidsuperacidssuchashighactivityandselectivity.Theyarepossibletobecomethesubstituteofthoseenvironmentall
5、yunfriendlycatalysts,andthusanumberofenvironmentalfriendlyprocessesmaybeestablished.SO42-/MxOytypesolidsuperacids,especiallySO42-/ZrO2,haveattractedmuchattentioninthelast30years,becausetheyarenoncorrosive,environmentallyfriendlyandreusableathightempe
6、ratures.Comparedwithtraditionalsolidacidcatalysts,thetypicalfeatureofthesesolidsuperacidsisthattheyarehighlyacidic.Thus,theymakeupthedeficiencyinacidstrengthfortheformeracidcatalysts,andmeettherequirementforthestrongacid-catalyzedreactions.Mover,they
7、areeasytoactivateC-HandC-Cbondsofthesubstrates,andcatalyzethereactionatrelativelylowtemperatures.Asaresult,energycanbesavedandsidereactionsaredecreased.Alsobranchedhydrocarbonswithhighoctanenumberarefavoredtoproduce.Therefore,theyarerecognizedasaclas
8、sofnovelcatalyticmaterialswhicharegreenandhavepotentialapplication.Thearticlemainlysummarizedthestructureandproperties,preparationmethodandapplicationofSO42-/ZrO2typesolidsuperacidcatalystsineveryreaction,andinrestigatedthecatalyticpropertiesofthecat