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1、【賓語從句】1.賓語從句的種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句,在句中作及物動詞的賓語,或介詞的賓語,或形容詞的賓語。根據引導賓語從句的不同連詞,賓語從句可分為三類。1.由that引導的賓語從句。that只有語法作用,沒有實在的意義,在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如:Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,wh
2、ich和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分o例如鬱?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?1don'tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引導的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是是否〃。例如:Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)
3、Icouldhelphim.注:只能用weather不能用if的情況Casel:weather引導的從句??梢耘c連詞or或ornot直接連用。Letmeknowweatheryoucancomeornot.Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot.Case2:賓語從句提到句首時,只能用weather引導。Weatheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.Ifitistrueornot,Icanzttell.Case3:weather可以引導帶to的不定式。Idon'tknowweath
4、ertoacceptortorefused.Idon'tknowiftoacceptortorefused.Case4:介詞之后引導的賓語從句只能用weather。IworryaboutweatherIhurtherfeelings.IworryaboutifIhurtherfeelings.(二)賓語從句1語序賓語從句的語序應為陳述句的語序O例如:1think(that)youwilllikethisschoosoon.Canyouwlcangettozoo?PIeasetellmewhenwetellmeh
5、o’llhavethemeeting.(三)賓語從句的時態(tài)1.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時,賓語從句該用什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)。如:Idon’tthink(that)youarerighCanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?Doyouthinkhewillcometomorrow?2.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時,賓語從句只能用相應的過去時態(tài)(一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時,過去完成時)。例如:Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewa
6、spreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.3.如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理,其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如:OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.4.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般將來時,賓語從句為一般現(xiàn)在時;如果主句的時態(tài)是過去將來時,賓語從句為一般過去式。Exercisel:1.Idon’
7、tknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomes,I’lltelIyou.A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.1don’tknowthedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe’llcome1.Couldyoutellmethenearesthospitaiis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where2.Couldyoutel
8、1metheradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.1wanttoknow?A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC?whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere