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1、現(xiàn)金盈虧平衡點數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立及應(yīng)用摘要傳統(tǒng)盈虧平衡點是指企業(yè)的銷售收人與成本相等時,企業(yè)處于不虧不盈的狀態(tài),此時企業(yè)的利潤為零。它的意義在于幫助企業(yè)從會計利潤的角度,做出經(jīng)濟預(yù)測?,F(xiàn)實生活中一些企業(yè)盡管利潤豐厚,卻因為沒有現(xiàn)金盈余而存在流動性風(fēng)險,嚴(yán)重的甚至可能導(dǎo)致破產(chǎn),所以現(xiàn)金流量的分析對現(xiàn)代企業(yè)顯得尤為重要,有必要將現(xiàn)金流轉(zhuǎn)因素考慮進盈虧平衡分析中來。現(xiàn)金盈虧平衡點是指企業(yè)在一定經(jīng)營期內(nèi)現(xiàn)金流入量等于現(xiàn)金流出量時的銷售量(額)。它揭示了企業(yè)在一定經(jīng)營期內(nèi)的銷售量或銷售額至少為多少,才能產(chǎn)生足夠的現(xiàn)
2、金凈流量滿足資金需要,保證企業(yè)能夠繼續(xù)運營下去,而不至于陷入流動性危機。如果從現(xiàn)金流轉(zhuǎn)的角度分析,抵消固定成本總額中非付現(xiàn)成本(如折舊)因素的影響,銷售收入中賒銷因素的影響,可變成本中賒購因素的影響,就基本上抵消了不影響企業(yè)現(xiàn)金流量的主要非現(xiàn)金因素。對傳統(tǒng)盈虧平衡分析模型加以變化,可得現(xiàn)金盈虧平衡分析的數(shù)學(xué)模型,從而確定現(xiàn)金盈虧平衡點,為企業(yè)做出有關(guān)現(xiàn)金流轉(zhuǎn)方面的經(jīng)濟決策提供依據(jù),有利于企業(yè)提前做好資金規(guī)劃。從短期內(nèi)能否維持正常運營的角度來看,現(xiàn)金盈虧平衡點比傳統(tǒng)盈虧平衡點對企業(yè)來說似乎更具有意義,更
3、值得企業(yè)關(guān)注。關(guān)鍵詞:盈虧平衡分析,現(xiàn)金盈虧平衡點,數(shù)學(xué)模型,經(jīng)濟預(yù)測I現(xiàn)金盈虧平衡點數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立及應(yīng)用AbstractThetraditionalbreakevenpointrepresentsakindofbalancesituationwhentheprofitthecorporationearnsequalsthecostthecorporationitpays.Underthisbalance,theprofitofthecorporationequalszero.Thebreakeven
4、pointfocusesontheaccountingprofitandlossandprovidestheusefulinformationforthecorporationstomakethemanufacturingplanandtheoperatingdecision-making.However,realisticallysomecorporationshavegreataccountingprofitbutstillencounterthedangeroflackofliquiditybe
5、causeofbeingshortofcash.Someevensufferbankruptcybecauseofthat.Soitmakesagreatsenseformoderncorporationstoanalyzethecashflowanditisnecessarytoconsidertheelementsregardingtothecashflowintothetraditionalbreakevenanalysis.Thecashbreakevenpointisthevolumeors
6、aleswhenthecashflow-inequalsthecashflow-out.Itrevealstheleastvolumeorsalesduringanoperatingperiodthatcangenerateenoughnetcashflowtosatisfytherequirementforcashsothatthefirmcanoperatecontinuallyandnotbetrappedintotheliquiditycrisis.Fromthecashflowperspec
7、tive,wefirsteliminatetheelementofthenon-cashcost(e.g.thedepreciation)fromthetotalfixedcost,theelementofcreditsalesfromthetotalsalesandtheelementofthecreditexpensefromthevariablecosts.AndthenwecanbuildtheCashBreakevenPointModelonthebaseofthetraditionalBr
8、eakevenPointformula.Wecanusethemodeltofigureoutthecashbreakevenpoint,whichseemsmorevaluablethanthetraditionalbreakevenpointforthecorporationswhichpaymoreattentionontheordinaryoperationintheshortterm.Keywords:Breakevenanalysis;Cas