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1、圖式理論在英語聽力教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用貢溪中學(xué)楊仙玲【摘要】圖式是大腦為了便于信息儲存和處理，而將新事物與已有知識，經(jīng)歷有機(jī)結(jié)合起來的一種知識表征形式，是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的知識構(gòu)成的完整的信息系統(tǒng)。在聽力理解過程中，圖式為吸收篇章信息提供心理框架，有助于對材料的編輯與總結(jié)，有助于合理分配注意力，有助于預(yù)測和猜測，從而提高學(xué)生對語言信息進(jìn)行解碼的正確率，有效地提高英語聽力教學(xué)。關(guān)鍵詞：圖式；圖式理論；聽力教學(xué)；聽力理解Schemaisacharacteristicforminthebrain,whichisconvenientfo
2、rinformationaccumulationandmanagement.Itisacompleteinformationsystem?constructedbyassociatedinformation.DuringEnglishlisteningcomprehension,schemaprovidesideationalscaffoldingtoassimilateinformation,andcontributestoeditthecontext.Itcanhelpstudentsdistributeat
3、tentionrationally,predictandguess.Theuseofschemacanraisetherateofstudents’correctlisteningcomprehension,improvingthequalityofEnglishlisteningteachinggreatly.Keywords:Schema;SchemaTheory;listeningteaching;ListeningcomprehensionInreality,listeningisthemostimpor
4、tantwaytogetinformation.SinceEnglishlisteningcomprehensionbecameatypeofcollegeentranceexaminationfrom2001inChina,ithasgotmostofteachers’andstudents’attentions.Butmostmiddleschoolsdidnotsetupareallisteningclassduetolackoftheoryguidanceandpracticeexperiences.Ma
5、nyteachers9justadoptatraditionalmode:broadcasttape—fulfillexercise—checkanswers,sometimeevenhavenoexplanations.Thistypeofteachinghaslowefficiencyandstudentslearnlittle.Themaintaskoflisteningteachingshouldbehelpstudentsimprovetheirlistening，speakingandundersta
6、ndingabilitiesofEnglish.Theaimoflisteningclassistodevelopratherthantestlisteningstrategiesandskills.So,howtoteachEnglishlisteningbecomesaproblemverydifficulttosolveforEnglishteachers.Theviewpointsofschematheorygetholdofmanyscholastics’identificationandarewide
7、lyusedinteaching,especiallyinEnglishlistening,readingandwriting.一．ThedefinitionofschematheoryNow,mostexpertsconsiderthatschematheoryisacharacteristicformofinformationinbrain,whichisconvenientforinformationaccumulationandmanagement.Itbandsnewandpriorinformatio
8、nandexperiencetogether.Itisacompleteinformationsystemconstructedbyassociatedknowledge.J.Mandler(1979)considersschemaascognitivestructurewhichconstitutedbyslotsanddefaultvalues.Slotsrefert
