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1、茶葉科學(xué)2005,25(4):300~306JournalofTeaScience云南曬青綠毛茶的微生物固態(tài)發(fā)酵及成分變化研究12112龔加順,周紅杰,張新富,宋姍,安文杰(1.云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)食品科技學(xué)院,云南昆明650201;2.云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)茶學(xué)系,云南昆明650201)摘要:研究了添加外源優(yōu)勢菌種固態(tài)發(fā)酵云南曬青綠茶過程中主要成分的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,隨著發(fā)酵時間的延長,主要的化學(xué)品質(zhì)成分含量均發(fā)生了明顯變化,以多酚類、兒茶素、茶紅素、茶褐素、寡糖和多糖的變化最明顯。發(fā)酵40天后,多酚類物質(zhì)下降了約60%,兒茶素類下降了80%,黃酮類下降了55%,茶紅素下降
2、了90%,水溶性寡糖下降了65%,水浸出物下降了25%,而茶黃素、水溶性總糖和灰分的變化不大。但茶褐素類物質(zhì)增加了4.5倍,水溶性多糖也增加了5.7倍。這說明多酚類物質(zhì)、兒茶素、茶紅素、茶褐素類、寡糖及多糖類物質(zhì)可作為云南普洱茶的特征成分用于品質(zhì)判定。實驗結(jié)果還表明,利用優(yōu)勢菌種發(fā)酵曬青綠茶可以在短時間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)熟普洱茶,其理化成分含量可達到陳年普洱茶的水平。實驗結(jié)果同時還表明,離開了微生物和濕熱作用,曬青綠茶是難以形成普洱茶特有品質(zhì)風(fēng)格的。關(guān)鍵詞:曬青綠茶;普洱茶;黑曲霉;固態(tài)發(fā)酵;成分變化+中圖分類號:TS272.51;Q936文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1000
3、—369X(2005)04—300—07ChangesofChemicalComponentsinPu’erTeaProducedbySolidStateFermentationofSundriedGreenTea12112GONGJia-shun,ZHOUHong-jie,ZHANGXin-fu,SONGShan,ANWen-jie(1.FacultyofFoodTechnology,YunnanAgriculturalUniversity,Kunming650201,China;2.DepartmentofTeaScience,YunnanAgricult
4、ureUniversity,650201Kunming,China)Abstract:ThechangesofchemicalcomponentsofPu’erteaproducedbysolidstatefermentation(SSF)ofsundriedgreenteausingAspergillusnigerwerestudiedinthispaper.Theresultsshowedthatthemainchemicalcomponentsofsundriedgreenteasuchaspolyphenols,catechins,thearubigi
5、ns,flavonoid,theabromine,polysaccharideandoligosaccharidewereconvertedobviouslyduringSSFprocessofsundriedgreentea.Whenthesundriedgreenteawasfermentedfor40days,thecontentofpolyphenols,catechins,flavonoid,thearubigins,solubleoligosaccharideandteaextractsofthefourthpilesamplewerereduce
6、d60%,80%,55%,90%,65%and25%,respectively,butthecontentoftheabromineandsolublepolysaccharideincreasedby4.5timesandby5.7times,respectively.Itwassuggestedthatthepolyphenols,catechins,thearubigins,theabromine,oligosaccharideandpolysaccharideofPu’erteacouldbeusedascharacteristiccomponents
7、todeterminethequalityofPu’ertea.TheresultsalsodemonstratedthattheesculentPu’erteawasproducedwithinshorttimebySSFofsundriedgreentea,andtheproducthadthesamecontentofcharacteristiccomponentsasthePu’erteastoredforlongtime.Furthermore,theresultsrevealedthatthesundriedgreenteacouldnotbetr
8、ansformedthecharact