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1、托福聽力lecture的結(jié)構(gòu)1.Lecture有結(jié)構(gòu)托福聽力的lecture基本上都是總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)，即「引入話題——展開討論——教授總結(jié)」，下面分點(diǎn)論述：1）引入話題其實(shí)托福聽力lecture里面講課的教授就跟大家碰到過的老師一樣，有的喜歡直入主題，有的喜歡拉七雜八。總的說來，lecture話題的引入方式有三種：?開門見山：啥也不扯，一言不合就開車，比如TPO1Lecture2：Ok,let’sgetstarted.Great.TodayIwanttotalkaboutawayinwhichwear
2、eabletodeterminehowoldapieceofland,orsomeothergeologicfeatureis–datingtechniques.?課程回顧：回顧上堂課的內(nèi)容，然后再切入本堂課的內(nèi)容；一般來說本次是上次的細(xì)化或者與上次的對(duì)比。比如TPO5Lecture2：Lastweek,wecoveredsomeargumentsagainstgoingbacktotheMoon.ButtherearecompellingreasonsinfavorofanotherMoonlan
3、dingtoo,um…nottheleastofwhichistryingtopinpointthemoon’sage.??啰哩吧嗦：有的教授實(shí)在是特別啰嗦，比如TPO2Lecture2：Hi,everyone.Goodtoseeyoualltoday.【你也好啊】Actually,Iexpectedthepopulationtobealotlowertoday.Ittypicallyrunsbetween50and60percentonthedaytheresearchpaperisdue.【來的
4、人多不好么，說明你受歡迎啊】Um,Iwashopingtohaveyourexamsbacktoday【啊，要放榜啦？】,but,uh,thesituationwasthatIwentawayfortheweekend,andIwassupposedtogetinyesterdayatfive,andIexpectedtofullycompletealltheexamsbymidnightorso,whichisthetimethatIusuallygotobed,butmyflightwasdel
5、ayed,andIendedupnotgettinginuntiloneo’clockinthemorning【你飛機(jī)晚點(diǎn)關(guān)我什么事啊？】.Anyway,I’lldomybesttohavethemfinishedbythenexttimewemeet【開始上課吧，please】.OK.Inthelastclass,westartedtalkingabout...【終于開始了…】不論是用哪一種引入方式，話題總是要出來的。一般都有一個(gè)核心的話題詞，這個(gè)詞后面一般有一個(gè)定義或者解釋。比如TPO5Lect
6、ure3：...But,let’stalkaboutSpectroscopyalittlenowjusttocoverthebasics.WhatisSpectroscopy?Well,thesimplestdefinitionIcangiveyouisthatSpectroscopyisthestudyoftheinteractionbetweenmatterandlight.這個(gè)「topic+definition/explanation」一定要聽懂，最好還能在筆記上記下關(guān)鍵詞。（當(dāng)然，也有話題詞
7、不那么明顯的，這樣的lecture的結(jié)構(gòu)就稍微難以整理一點(diǎn)。）在這個(gè)「topic+definition/explanation」之后，一般有一句話總起下面的展開討論的內(nèi)容。比如TPO33Lecture1：ThegreatpyramidofGizainEgyptmightbethemostfamousbuildingintheworld.Weknowexactlywhenitwasbuilt:constructionstartedin2547B.C.E.,aboutfourthousandfivehu
8、ndredyearsago.Weknowwhohaditbuilt:thatwasaPharaohKhufu.Andweknowwhooversawitsconstruction:thePharaoh'sbrother.Weknowsomanythingsaboutit,butthefunnythingis,westilldon'tknowexactlyhowitwasbuilt.Thispicturewillgiveyouanideaofthesizeofthepy
