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1、一、時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞have有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞后面加上not、疑問(wèn)式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。以study為例，其否定式、疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式如下：否定式疑問(wèn)式Ihavenot(haven’t)studied….HaveIstudied…?Youhavenot(haven’t)studied….Haveyoustudied…?Hehasnot(hasn’t)studied….Hashestudied…?否定疑問(wèn)式簡(jiǎn)單回答（肯定/否定）HaveInot(H
2、aven’tI)studied…?Yes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.Haveyounot(Haven’tyou)studied…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Hashenot(Hasn’the)studied…?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.（2）用法：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女兒剛出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我肯定我們以前見(jiàn)過(guò)面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示持續(xù)到
3、現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如recently,already,just,lately,for…,since…,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒(méi)有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.最近我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他們離開(kāi)已經(jīng)兩年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.
★注意：a)since和for的區(qū)別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgotther
4、efor后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland______Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland______threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.6.Thebusislate.They
5、'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.2）表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭?dòng)作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說(shuō)：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.×Theoldmanhasdiedfor
6、4months.×Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.×以上三句話可以改為：Hehas____________for2weeks.Theoldmanhas_____________for4months.Theyhave__________onlyfor5minutes現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié):由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buy–havecatch(get)acold–haveacoldborrow—keepputon--wearreceive—havegotosleep–sleepgettoknow–know2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞jointhearmy–
7、beasoldier；gotoschool–beastudentbecomeateacher—beateacherjoin---beamemberof3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞die—bedead；finish–beover；begin—beon；leave—beawayfallsleep–beasleepreturn—bebackgetmarried/marry–bemarriedfinish→beover??open?→beopen????close—beclos
