目標(biāo)管理797[全文]

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1、目標(biāo)管理WhatIsObjectives目標(biāo)冃標(biāo)是期望的成果（個(gè)人部門整個(gè)組織的努力方向）企業(yè)目標(biāo)：在分析企業(yè)內(nèi)外部環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)上，確定的各項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的發(fā)展方向和奮斗目的,是企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)思想的具體化。Charactersofobjectives指導(dǎo)性（組織經(jīng)營(yíng)思想的集中體現(xiàn)）多重性層次性變動(dòng)性激勵(lì)性PeterDrucker：企業(yè)冃標(biāo)唯一冇效的就是創(chuàng)造顧客。對(duì)一些大型公司宣稱目標(biāo)的調(diào)查結(jié)果CharacteristicsofWell-DesignedGoalsWrittenintermsofoutcomes,nota

2、ctionsFocusesontheends,notthemeanslx/a>?MeasurableandquantifiableSpec訐icallydefineshowtheoutcomeistobemeasuredandhowmuchisexpected?ClearastotimeframeHowlongbeforemeasuringaccomplishment.ChallengingbutattainableLowgoalsdonotmotivate?Highgoalsmotivateiftheycan

3、beachieved?WrittendownFocuses,defines,andmakesgoalvisible?CommunicatedtoallPutseverybody"onthesamepage/Principlesofgoalsmaking現(xiàn)實(shí)性原則、關(guān)鍵性原則、定量化原則、協(xié)調(diào)性原則、權(quán)變性原則傳統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)設(shè)定法TraditionalObjectiveSettingTraditionalGoalSetting目標(biāo)由最高管理層確定然后分解成子目標(biāo)落實(shí)到組織的各個(gè)層次上假定高層管理者最了解（應(yīng)設(shè)立什么樣

4、的目標(biāo)）目標(biāo)傾向于上面的指揮、引導(dǎo)和控制目標(biāo)喪失了清晰性和一致性，因?yàn)榈蛯哟蔚墓芾碚咴噲D詁在自己的立場(chǎng)上理解和定義目標(biāo)Broadgoalsaresetatthetopoftheorganization.Goalsarethenbrokenintosubgoalsforeachorganizationallevel.Assumesthattopmanagementknowsbestbecausetheycanseethe"bigpicture/'Goalsareintendedtodirect,guide,and

5、constrainfromabove?Goalsloseclarityandfocusaslower-levelmanagersattempttointerpretanddefinethegoalsfortheirareasofresponsibility?StiphenRobbins傳統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)設(shè)定(Cont,d)TraditionalObjectiveSettingTopmanagement/sobjective1Divisionmanagement'sobjective2Departmentmanageme

6、nt/sobjective3Individualemployee'sobjective4Weneedtoimprovethecompany”sperformanee我們需要改進(jìn)績(jī)效■增加收益、降低成本、提升效率Iwanttoseeasign訐icantimprovementinthisdivisiorVsprofits希望看見我的事業(yè)部利潤(rùn)顯箸增長(zhǎng)(收益/成本)Increaseprofits,regardlessofthemeans增加利潤(rùn)(不管用什么方法)Don'tworryaboutquality:just

7、workfast別管質(zhì)量、只管快干、多拿獎(jiǎng)金缺點(diǎn)?目標(biāo)在分解過程屮喪失了應(yīng)有的清晰性和一致性目標(biāo)管理目標(biāo)設(shè)定法MBOGoalSettingManagementByObjectives(MBO)下級(jí)與上司共同決定具體的績(jī)效冃標(biāo)Spec訐icperformaneegoalsarejointlydeterminedbyemployeesandmanagers.定期檢查完成目標(biāo)的進(jìn)展情況Progresstowardaccomplishinggoalsisperiodicallyreviewed?根據(jù)冃標(biāo)完成情況確定獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

8、Rewardsareallocatedonthebasisofprogresstowardsthegoals.KeyelementsofMBO:明確目標(biāo)、參與決策、規(guī)定期限、績(jī)效反饋(Goalspecificity,participativedecisionmaking,anexplicitperformance/evaluationperiod,feedback)目標(biāo)管理Manage