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1、液體復(fù)蘇------膠體的地位1---170多年前(1832年),一位蘇格蘭醫(yī)師,發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種通過靜脈血管把藥液送入人體的治療手段……2明膠GELATIN白蛋白ALBUMIN1915WorldWarI1945WorldWarII1960’WarInVietnam右旋糖苷DEXTRAN羥乙基淀粉1943WorldWarII為什么要開發(fā)出這些膠體?3重癥液體復(fù)蘇的重要性膠體及其作用目前的爭(zhēng)論總結(jié)4什么是膠體?膠體(colloid)又稱膠狀分散體(colloidaldispersion)是一種均勻混合物,在膠體中含有兩種不同相態(tài)的物質(zhì),一種分散,
2、另一種連續(xù)。分散的一部分是由微小的粒子或液滴所組成,大小介于1到100納米之間,且?guī)缀醣椴荚谡麄€(gè)連續(xù)相態(tài)中。按分散劑的不同可分為:氣溶膠(霧、煙、云);固溶膠(水晶、有色玻璃)液溶膠(蛋白溶液,淀粉溶液,肥皂水,人體血液)5人體白蛋白的含量與分布細(xì)胞內(nèi)液細(xì)胞外液體液-約占人體體重60%40%組織間液15%血漿5%蛋白質(zhì)在血漿中含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于組織間液血漿總蛋白含量約為60-80g/L其中,白蛋白含量約為35-50g/L(占血漿總蛋白的60%)Frank-Starling定律7(Multi-)OrganFailureCelldystructio
3、nbyimbalancebetweenO2-supplyandO2-consumptionO2undersupportO2debtMacrocirculatorydysfunctionCOMicrocirculatorydysfunction8Whatelsebesidesvolumerestrictionandexpansion?FluidresuscitationTissueoxygenationCapillaryleakameliorationHemodynamicsClinicaloutocmeRiskofAnaphylaxisE
4、ffectoncoagulationEffectonRenalfunctionJean-LouisVincent,MaxHarryWeil,CritCareMed2006;34:1333–13379IntroductionAcutelyillpatientsfrequentlyrequirefluidrepletion.HypovolemiaExternalloss:bleeding,gastrointestinal,urinarytracts,skinInternalloss:extravasationofblood,exudation
5、/transudationoffluidsRelativeHypovolemia:increasesvenouscapacitanceSepsis,drugsVolumerepletionmaybeessentialtorestorecriticallevelsofcardiacoutputandarterialpressure,resultinginmorenormalperfusionofvitalorgansandtissues.Jean-LouisVincent,MaxHarryWeil,CritCareMed2006;34:13
6、33–133710AcutelyillpatientsfrequentlyrequirefluidrepletionHypovolemia:externalloss&internallossRelativeHypovolemia:increasesvenouscapacitanceVolumerepletionmaybeessentialRestorecriticallevelsofcardiacoutputandarterialpressureMorenormalperfusionofvitalorgansandtissuesJean-
7、LouisVincent,MaxHarryWeil,CritCareMed2006;34:1333–133711IntroductionHemorrhage:Benefit/riskoffluidrepletionmustbeassessedBenefitsofdelayedresuscitationLargevolumeoffluid?redcelldeficit?oxygendeficitPersistenthypovolemiawillresultinMODSFluidrepletionistypicallymoreeffectiv
8、eduringhypovolemicstatesbutislesseffectiveinlaterstages.Jean-LouisVincent,MaxHarryWeil,CritCareM