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1、32Rhinovirus,Coronavirus,Enterovirus,andBocavirusAfterHematopoieticCellTransplantationorSolidOrganTransplantationAlpanaWaghmareandMichaelBoeckh32.1Rhinovirusesonethathasbeencirculatingunnoticedduetolackofanappropriatediagnosticassay.Thereareseveralbiologic32.1.1Epidemiologycharacteristicsof
2、HRV-CthatdifferentiatethespeciesfromHRV-AandHRV-B.HRV-AandHRV-BbothuseICAM-1Humanrhinoviruses(HRVs),thevirusespredominantlyorLDLRforcellattachmentandentry,whereasitappearsassociatedwiththecommoncold,arehighlyprevalentinthatHRV-Cmayutilizeadistinctreceptor,cadherin-relatedbothimmunocompetent
3、andimmunocompromisedindividu-familymember3,thatisassociatedwithasthmasusceptibil-als.Priortothedevelopmentofsensitivemolecularvirality[11,12].Additionally,HRV-Cspeciesarestableathigherdetectionassays,in?uenza,respiratorysyncytialvirus,andtemperaturesandreadilyinfectupperandlowerairways,para
4、in?uenzaviruswerethemostcommonandmostcon-whereasHRV-AandHRV-Bspeciestendtobemorelimitedcerningrespiratoryviralpathogensdetectedinhematopoi-tothesinusesandupperairways[13,14].Thesebiologiceticcelltransplant(HCT)recipients[1].Duetothecharacteristicsarethoughttoplayaroleinvariationsindevelopme
5、ntofpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)assaysforclinicaloutcomesobservedamongthedifferentspecies.viraldetection,HRVsarenowknowntobethemostcom-monvirusesdetectedfromrespiratoryspecimensinHCTrecipientsandcanaccountfor25–40%ofcasesofviral32.1.2ClinicalCharacteristicsrespiratoryinfectionsinthesepatien
6、ts[2–4](Figure32-1).Duetotheirhighprevalenceandtheirabilitytocausepro-MostimmunocompetentpatientswithHRVpresentwithangressiveinfection,HRVsarealsoasigni?cantcauseoflowerafebrile,self-limitedsyndromecharacterizedbyrhinorrhea,respiratorytractinfection(LRTI)inHCTrecipients(Tablenasalcongestion
7、,andmalaise,andlessfrequentlysore32-1).HRVinfectionisalsocommoninsolidorgantrans-throat,mildcough,andhoarseness[15–19].HRVmayalsoplant(SOT)recipients,althoughtheincidenceisnotknownbeassociatedwithexacerbationsofsinusitis,chronicbron-amongSOTrecipientsasa
