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1、(二)指數(shù)函數(shù)及其性質(zhì)復(fù)習(xí)回顧1.指數(shù)函數(shù):函數(shù)y=ax(a>0,且a≠1)叫做指數(shù)函數(shù)其中x是自變量,函數(shù)定義域是R.2.指數(shù)函數(shù)的圖象和性質(zhì):xoy在第一象限里,圖象從低到高,底數(shù)逐漸變大.指數(shù)函數(shù)性質(zhì)應(yīng)用題型一圖像問(wèn)題題型二圖像過(guò)定點(diǎn)問(wèn)題例1.函數(shù)y=ax-3+2(a>0,且a≠1)必經(jīng)過(guò)哪個(gè)定點(diǎn)?由于函數(shù)y=ax(a>0,且a≠1)恒經(jīng)過(guò)定點(diǎn)(0,1),因此指數(shù)函數(shù)與其它函數(shù)復(fù)合會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些豐富多彩的定點(diǎn)問(wèn)題【1】函數(shù)y=ax+5-1(a>0,且a≠1)必經(jīng)過(guò)哪個(gè)定點(diǎn)?變式練習(xí)【2】函數(shù)恒過(guò)定點(diǎn)(1,3)則b=____.題型三:求定義域、值域問(wèn)題:(利用復(fù)合函數(shù),結(jié)合圖象法)例1(
2、1)求函數(shù)y=2x(-1≤x≤1)的值域(2)求函數(shù)的定義域與值域(3)求函數(shù)的定義域與值域例2、已知函數(shù)y=4x+2·2x-1,求函數(shù)y在[-1,1]上的最大值和最小值.例1.說(shuō)明下列函數(shù)圖象與指數(shù)函數(shù)y=2x的圖象關(guān)系,并畫(huà)出它們的圖象:題型四指數(shù)函數(shù)圖象的變換一(平移問(wèn)題)x-3-2-101230.1250.250.512480.250.51248160.512481632作出圖象,顯示出函數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)表987654321-4-224Oxy987654321-4-224Oxy987654321-4-224Oxyx-3-2-101230.1250.250.512480.06250.1250
3、.250.51240.031250.06250.1250.250.512作出圖象,顯示出函數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)表987654321-4-224Oxy987654321-4-224Oxy987654321-4-224Oxy987654321-4-224Oxy987654321-4-224Oxy987654321-4-224Oxy小結(jié):向左平移a個(gè)單位得到f(x+a)的圖象;向右平移a個(gè)單位得到f(x-a)的圖象;向上平移a個(gè)單位得到f(x)+a的圖象;向下平移a個(gè)單位得到f(x)-a的圖象.f(x)的圖象二對(duì)稱(chēng)問(wèn)題例1說(shuō)出下列函數(shù)的圖象與指數(shù)函數(shù)y=2x的圖象的關(guān)系,并畫(huà)出它們的示意圖.yxoyxoyx
4、o(x,y)和(-x,y)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱(chēng)?。▁,y)和(x,-y)關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱(chēng)?。▁,y)和(-x,-y)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱(chēng)!(1)y=f(x)與y=f(-x)的圖象關(guān)于對(duì)稱(chēng);(2)y=f(x)與y=-f(x)的圖象關(guān)于對(duì)稱(chēng);(3)y=f(x)與y=-f(-x)的圖象關(guān)于對(duì)稱(chēng).x軸y軸原點(diǎn)例1.設(shè)a是實(shí)數(shù),(1)試證明對(duì)于任意a,f(x)為增函數(shù);證明:任取x1,x2,且f(x1)-f(x2)=∵y=2x在R上是增函數(shù),且x1<x2,∴f(x1)-f(x2)<0,即f(x1)<f(x2).故對(duì)于a取任意實(shí)數(shù),f(x)為增函數(shù).題型五單調(diào)性的證明例2.討論函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,并求其值域.解:任取x1,x
5、2∈(-∞,1],且x10,f(x2)>0,則∵x10,x1+x2-2<0.變式1、函數(shù)的單調(diào)增區(qū)間是2、函數(shù)的增區(qū)間為_(kāi)_______.值域?yàn)開(kāi)________.(-∞,1](0,81]題型六:求復(fù)合函數(shù)區(qū)間例1、題型七單調(diào)性應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的指數(shù)不等式對(duì)于形如af(x)>ag(x)(a>0且a≠1)的不等式,要根據(jù)單調(diào)性轉(zhuǎn)化為一般的代數(shù)不等式.如果a-5x>ax+7(a>0,且a≠1),求x的取值范圍
6、.【思路點(diǎn)撥】討論a的取值,確定y=ax的單調(diào)性.例1互動(dòng)探究3本例中,若將“a-5x>ax+7(a>0,且a≠1)”改為“(a2+a+2)-5x>(a2+a+2)x+7”,如何求解?例1.求證函數(shù)是奇函數(shù)題型八.指數(shù)形式的復(fù)合函數(shù)的奇偶性證明:函數(shù)的定義域?yàn)镽,所以f(x)在R上是奇函數(shù).解:若f(x)為奇函數(shù),則f(-x)=-f(x),利用f(0)=0例2.設(shè)a是實(shí)數(shù),(2)試確定a的值,使f(x)為奇函數(shù).∴a=1.【1】已知定義域?yàn)镽的函數(shù)為奇函數(shù),則a=__,b=_____.變式練習(xí)21例3已知函數(shù)f(x)是奇函數(shù),且當(dāng)x>0時(shí),f(x)=2x+1,求當(dāng)x<0時(shí),f(x)的解析
7、式.又因?yàn)閒(x)是奇函數(shù),∴f(-x)=-f(x).解:因?yàn)楫?dāng)x>0時(shí),∴當(dāng)x<0時(shí),-x>0,即所以當(dāng)x<0時(shí),