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1、第1章緒論1.1翻譯的性質(zhì)和類型1.1.1翻譯的概念1)翻譯是跨語言(cross-linguistic)，跨文化(cross-cultural)，跨社會(cross-social)的交際活動。2)翻譯是一種語言文化承載的意義轉(zhuǎn)換到另一種語言文化中的跨語言，跨文化的交際活動。Translationisarepresentationorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage.翻譯的本質(zhì)是釋義,是意義的轉(zhuǎn)換.Transl
2、ationisalwaysmeaning-based.1.1.2對翻譯的性質(zhì)，有過許多描述，其中奈達(dá)(Eugene.A.Nida)的論述是:“翻譯是指從語義到文體在譯語中用最切近而又最自然的對等語再現(xiàn)原文的信息?！盩ranslatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptor/targetlanguage,theclosetnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaning,andsecon
3、dlyintermsofstyle.1.1.3翻譯是科學(xué)(science)，是藝術(shù)(art)，是技能(craft)翻譯是科學(xué)，因?yàn)樗婕八季S和語言,反映了存在與認(rèn)識,主體與客體的關(guān)系,這種關(guān)系可用受一定規(guī)律支配的語言加以描述,翻譯有科學(xué)規(guī)律可循,所以是科學(xué)。Translationisakindofsciencebecauseithasawholesetofrulesgoverningitandcertainobjectivelawstogobyintheprocessoftranslatingju
4、stasothersciencesdo.翻譯是藝術(shù)，因?yàn)榉g是譯者對原文再創(chuàng)造的過程。譯者不可避免地帶有自己的主觀色彩，有他自己的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性。Translationisalsoanart,abilingualart.Likepainting,translationenablesustoreproducethefinethoughtofsomebody,notincolors,butinwords,inwordsofadifferentlanguage.翻譯是技能，譯者需采用增詞，減詞，切分,轉(zhuǎn)換等方法
5、。Besides,it’salsoacraft,becauseintranslation,certainskillsandtechniqueareneededinordertoattainclearnessofstyle,andfluencyinlanguage.47Whatisthedifferencebetweenatranslatorandawriter,or“reproducing”and“writing”?Inhistalkonliterarytranslationpublishedin
6、1954GuoMoruopointedout,“Translationiscreativework.Goodtranslationisasgoodaswritingandmaybeevenbetterthanit.Sometimestranslationismoredifficultthanwriting.Awritermusthaveexperienceinlife,butatranslatorhastoexperiencewhatthewriterhasexperienced.Atthesam
7、etime,atranslatormustnotonlybeproficientinhismothertonguebutalsohaveaverygoodfoundationinaforeignlanguage.Therefore,translationisnoteasierthanwritingatall.”Writerscandecide:1)whattowrite(content);2)whomtowriteto;3)howtowrite;Butatranslatorcan’tdecidet
8、hese,soatranslatormust:1)avoidthethingsofyourown,suchasyourfeelingorculture.2)breakthebarriersbetweentwolanguagesandcultures,andbridgethegapbetweenthetwo.1.1.4可譯性(translatability)與不可譯性(untranslatability)1)TranslationispossibleTranslationdealsw
