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1、第34卷第4期噪聲與振動(dòng)控制V_0134NO.42014年8月NOISEANDVIBRLTIONCONTR0LAug.2014文章編號(hào):1006—1355(2014)04—0062—05+87不同阻尼形式對(duì)車輪振動(dòng)聲輻射特性的影響劉玉霞,溫澤峰,肖新標(biāo),彭金方,金學(xué)松(西南交通大學(xué)牽引動(dòng)力國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,成都610031)摘要:輪軌噪聲是列車主要噪聲源之一,而車輪振動(dòng)聲輻射是輪軌噪聲的重要組成部分。施加阻尼措施能夠有效地降低車輪的振動(dòng)及聲輻射。根據(jù)輪軌滾動(dòng)噪聲理論,采用有限元一邊界元方法,建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)車輪以及對(duì)應(yīng)阻尼車輪有限元、邊界元模型,
2、以等效輪軌粗糙度作用力為激勵(lì),研究施加噴涂阻尼和約束阻尼后車輪振動(dòng)聲輻射特性,調(diào)查了不同厚度(1mm~5mm)阻尼對(duì)車輪減振降噪效果的影響。數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果表明:在輪軌等效粗糙度名義滾動(dòng)圓接觸點(diǎn)徑向激勵(lì)下,采用噴涂式阻尼處理,當(dāng)材料厚度為2mm時(shí),降噪效果達(dá)到最佳,與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)車輪相比降低2dB(A)。采用層狀約束型阻尼處理,約束層固定為1mm時(shí),當(dāng)阻尼層為2mm,降噪效果最好,與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)車輪相比降低3dB(A)。關(guān)鍵詞:振動(dòng)與波;輪軌噪聲;阻尼車輪;振動(dòng)聲輻射;有限元法;邊界元法中圖分類號(hào):TB53;042;TG156;U237文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI
3、編碼:10.39698.issn.1006—1335.2014.04.014Efects‘ofDiferentFormsofDampingonVibrationandSoundRadiationCharacteristicsOfeelsLIUYu-xia,WenZe—feng,XIA0Xin—biao,PENGJin—fang.JINXue.song(StateKeyLaboratoryofTractionPower,SouthwestJiaotongUniversity,Chengdu610031,China)AbBt舶:Thewhe
4、el/railnoise,especiallythesoundradiationfromthewheel,isoneofthemainnoisesourcesofthetrack.Itiswellknownthatthedampingcanefectivelyreducethevibrationandsoundradiationlevelofwheels.Inthiswork,ahybridmodeloffiniteelementmethodandboundaryelementmethods(FEM—BEM)isdevelopedtoi
5、nvestigatetheeffectsofthesprayed-dampingandconstraint—dampingofthewheels.Theequivalentroughnessofthewheel/railisemployedastheexcitationatthenominalcontactposition.Itisfoundthatthesprayed—dampingwheelwitha2mmthickdampinglayerhasthebestnoisereductioneffect.Itcarlreducethes
6、oundpowerlevel(SPL)ofthenoiseby2dB(A)incomparisonwiththestandardwhee1.Fortheconstraintlayeroflmmthickness,theoptimumthicknessofthesprayeddampinglayerisfoundtobe21TUTI.ItCanreducetheSPLby3dB(A)incomparisonwiththestandardwhee1.KeyWOII~:vibrationandwave;wheel—railnoise;damp
7、edwheel;vibrationandsoundradiation;FEM;BEM列車車外噪聲主要由牽引噪聲、輪軌噪聲和氣收稿日期:2013.10—10動(dòng)噪聲等組成。輪軌噪聲隨著列車運(yùn)營速度的提高基金項(xiàng)目:國家863計(jì)劃:而顯著增大。按其產(chǎn)生機(jī)理可分為滾動(dòng)噪聲、沖(2011AA11A103—2—2、2011AA11A103—4—2);擊噪聲和曲線嘯叫[21。當(dāng)列車在直線軌道上運(yùn)行教育部創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)(IRT1178);時(shí),滾動(dòng)噪聲起著主導(dǎo)作用。滾動(dòng)噪聲是由輪軌表中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金資助:面粗糙度引起的。粗糙度會(huì)使車輪運(yùn)行時(shí)和鋼軌產(chǎn)
8、(SWJTU12ZT01):生彈性振動(dòng)的同時(shí)導(dǎo)致輪軌間相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng),從而,由這牽引動(dòng)力國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室自由探索自主研究課題種彈性振動(dòng)激勵(lì)產(chǎn)生輻射噪聲。(2011TPL—TO5)作者簡介:劉玉霞(1990一),女,