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1、第四篇文章SampleIssueTopic"Inourtime,specialistsofallkindsarehighlyover-rated.Weneedmoregeneralists—peoplewhocanprovidebroadperspectives."注:這篇文章我就不作分析了,因為本文是大家最喜歡分析的文章,所以網(wǎng)友們已經(jīng)有了很多很多的分析版本,已經(jīng)差不多把這篇文章的亮點都說出來了,我就盡量簡單的分析,詳細的大家可以看看后面的牛人前輩的分析。Benchmark6Inthiseraofrapidsocialandtechnologicalch
2、angeleadingtoincreasinglifecomplexityandpsychologicaldisplacement,bothpositiveandnegativeeffectsamongpersonsinWesternsocietycallforabalanceinwhichtherearebothspecialistsandgeneralists.首段給出了作者的態(tài)度,平衡觀點。前面的狀語貌似是廢話,但是通過分詞結(jié)構(gòu)很好的暗示了后文的論證方向,即生活、精神。Specialistsarenecessaryinordertoallowsoci
3、etyasawholetoproperlyandusefullyassimilatethemassesofnewinformationandknowledgethathavecomeoutofresearchandhavebeenwidelydisseminatedthroughmassglobalmedia.正文手段說專才好。AstheheadofPharmacologyatmyuniversityoncesaid(andIparaphrase):"IcanonlyresearchwhatIdobecausetherearesomanywhohaveco
4、mebeforemetowhomIcanturnforbasicknowledge.Itisonlybecauseofeachofthenarrowlyfocusedindividualsateachstepthatafullandtrueunderstandingofthecomplexitiesoflifecanbehad.Eachpersoncanonlyholdenoughknowledgetoaddonesmallrungtotheladder,buttogetherwecanclimbtothemoon."舉的例子應該是作者編的,實際上作者原本
5、這里應該是一大段說理的論證,為了使論證不冗長,而采用了這種手法使得論證從引用人的口中說出來。Thisillustratesthepointthatoursocietieslevelofknowledgeandtechnologyisatastageinwhichtheresimplymustbespecialistsinorderforoursocietytotakeadvantageoftheinformationavailabletous.本句解釋了引用的論據(jù)如何證明觀點,也算是本段的一個總結(jié)句。Simplyput,withoutspecialists
6、,oursocietywouldfinditselfboggeddownintheSargassoseaofinformationoverload.和上一段的論證其實是本質(zhì)一樣的,都是說專才好。這里從反面進行論證,如果沒有專才會怎么樣。Whileitwasfineforearlyphysiciststolearnandunderstandthefewlawsandideasthatexistedduringtheirtimes,now,nooneindividualcanpossiblydigestandassimilatealloftheknowledg
7、einanygivenarea.這里的事例證明還不忘在前面進行小的讓步,使得作者的證明很嚴謹。我們應該學習這一點,在我們的文章里在證明一個觀點的同一段里,不妨也在某些地方進行小的讓步,顯出我們很有思辨性。同志們,讓步這種思想不能只出現(xiàn)在段落之間,而要貫穿在全文才行。Ontheotherhand,Overspecializationmeansnarrowfociinwhichpeoplecanlosethelargerpicture.本段論證過分專才也不好,這里值得注意的是,文章總的論證方向是專才好、通才也好。但是如何銜接上這兩個方向使得并不唐突呢?本文的連
8、接就是天衣無縫,專才好=〉過分專才不好=〉通才好,這樣就在專才和通