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1、SATELLITE-BASEDINTERNETTECHNOLOGYANDSERVICESEffectsonTCPofRoutingStrategiesinSatelliteConstellationsLloydWood,GeorgePavlou,andBarryEvans,UniversityofSurreyABSTRACTnumberofsatellitesrequiredtocovertheEarth.AloweraltitudedecreasesfreespaceAbroadbandsatellitenetwork
2、usesaconstella-lossandpropagationdelay,butmeansthatthetionofanumberofsimilarsatellitestoprovideserviceeachsatellitecanofferislimitedtowirelessnetworkingservicestotheEarth.Ausersinasmallervisibleareaofthegroundnumberoftheseconstellationnetworksare(thesatellite’sfo
3、otprint).Tofullycovertheunderdevelopment.Thisarticleintroducestheglobe,moresatellitesareneeded.Thisincreas-typesofsatelliteconstellationnetworks,andesfrequencyreuseandoverallsystemcapacity,examineshowoverallperformanceofTCPcom-butwillalsoincreaseoverallsystemcons
4、truc-municationscarriedacrosssuchanetworkcantionandmaintenancecosts.Satellitesatlowerbeaffectedbythechoiceofroutingstrategiesaltitudesmustmovefasterrelativetotheusedwithinthenetwork.Constellationsutilizinggroundtostayintheirorbits,increasingtheratedirectintersate
5、llitelinksarecapableofusingofhandoffandDopplereffectsbetweentermi-multiplepathsbetweensatellitessimultaneouslynalsandsatellites.asastrategytospreadnetworkload.ThisallowsMostproposedsystemsusecircularorbitsmoregeneralroutingstrategiesthanshortest-withconstantaltit
6、udes,sincethismeansthatpathrouting,butweshowthesestrategiestobesatelliteoverheadpasstimesandpowerlevelsdetrimentaltotheperformanceofindividualneededforcommunicationareconstant,andTCPconnections.eachsatellitecanbeusedfortrafficthroughoutitsorbit.Othersystemshavebe
7、enproposedusingmultipleellipticalorbits,wheresatellitesINTRODUCTIONareonlyintendedtobeavailableforserviceBroadbandsatelliteconstellationnetworkshavewhilemovingrelativelyslowlyaroundhigh-alti-beenproposedandarenowbeingdeveloped.tudeapogee(e.g.,thecommercialEllipso
8、andThesewillprovidemedium-andhigh-capacityPentriadproposals).Inthoseellipticalsystemswirelessdataservices,andwillinterconnectwiththecommunicationpayloadsareunu
