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1、SchoollifeGrammar—attributiveclausesIntroductiontoattributiveclauses定語從句的含義:在含有主從句的復(fù)合句中,用來修飾限制句中的名詞或代詞的從句就是定語從句,被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。定語從句的特點(diǎn):定語從句通常緊跟先行詞,如果定語從句和先行詞之間被單詞,詞組,句子隔開,就稱為分隔性定語從句。定語從句的分類:分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句對先行詞起到限制的作用,通常與主句緊密相連,譯為漢語時(shí)譯為“…的”。非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的附加說明,它
2、和主句往往用逗號分開,譯為漢語時(shí)定語從句和主句通常構(gòu)成兩個(gè)并列句。定語從句引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞所指代(即先行詞)在定語從句中所作句子成分who人主語(賓語)whom人賓語which物主語,賓語that人/物主語,賓語,表語whose人/物定語as人/物主語,賓語,表語定語從句引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系副詞所指代(即先行詞)在定語從句中所作句子成分when時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)狀語why原因狀語Practice找出下面句子中的關(guān)系代詞和定語從句1.ThewomanwhocanspeakRussiangotthejob.2.Thewomanwhomwesawonthestreetgotthejob.3.Asweal
3、lknow,ourschoolis9yearsold.4.ThisisthefactorythatIvisited.5.HisfilmwhichwonseveralawardswasaboutthelifeofGandhi.6.HeistheboywhoseEnglishisverygoodinourclass.關(guān)系代詞的用法1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略)ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/
4、who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.3.which指物,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?4.that指人/物,作主語,賓語,表語(作賓語可省略)Aplaneisamachinet
5、hatcanfly.Heistheman(that)ItoldyouaboutHeisnolongertheboythatheusedtobe.注意:首先特別注意,that只能用在限定性定語從句中,在非限定性定語從句中永遠(yuǎn)不能選用that,另外介詞后邊也不可用that,而是跟which。Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?注意點(diǎn):①that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用that而不用which。先行詞是最高級形容詞或者它前面有最高級形容詞的時(shí)候Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainst
6、pollution.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.ii.先行詞是序數(shù)詞,或者它前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞的時(shí)候Heisthelastperson(that)Iwanttosee.ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.iii.主句已有疑問詞who或者which的時(shí)候Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?iv.先行詞既有人又有物,宜用thatDoy
7、ouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.v.先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí)Youshouldhandinall