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1、第5O卷第3期林業(yè)科學(xué)V01.50.No.32014年3月SCIENTIASILVAESINICAEMar.,2014北美云杉針葉表皮結(jié)構(gòu)的差異分析李智許荔林夢楊萌賈桂霞(北京林業(yè)大學(xué)園林學(xué)院國家花卉工程中心北京100083)關(guān)鍵詞:北美云杉;藍(lán)色針葉;表皮結(jié)構(gòu);蠟質(zhì)中圖分類號:$718.47文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A文章編號:1001—7488(2014)O3—0134—05AnalysisofVariationinEpidermalStructureofPiceapungensNeedlesLiZhiXaLiLinMengYangMengJiaGuixia(NationalEngine
2、eringResearchCenterfo,F(xiàn)loricultureCollegeofLandscapeArchitecture,BeijingForestryUniversityBeijing100083)Abstract:Piceapungenshashighornamentalvaluebecauseofitsrareblue-greenneedles.ThiSpapercomparedcolorsofneedlesfrom1-year-oldseedlings,4-year-oldseedlings,35一year—oldplantsofthespeciesand12一
3、year—oldplantsofP.pungens‘GlaucaGlobosa’.Theresultshowedthatneedlesof1-year—oldseedlingsexhibitedalmostgreen,needlesofnewbranchesofsome4-year-oldseedlingexhibitedblue,whileneedlesof35一year—oldplantswithblueneedlesandthe‘GlaucaGlobosa’plants,exhibitedalmostallblue.Observationviaadissectingmic
4、roscopefoundthatontheepidermisofblueneedlestherewasalayerofsubstance,whichcouldbedissolvedintoorganicsolventsorberemovedthroughphysicalfriction.Theneedlesbecamegreenafterthelayerofsubstancewasremoved.Throughobservationviascanningelectronmicroscope,itwasfoundoutthattheepidermisofblueneedleswa
5、scoveredwithaquantityofrod—likesubstancesarrangedintenselyandirregularly,withathicknessfrom1.30765Izmto5.01494txm,whiletherewaslittleornonethesubstanceinthegreenneedles.AnalysiswithGC—MSshowedthatthesubstancesweremainlyalkanes,aliphaticcompoundsandcycliccompounds,whichgeneratedwaxcrystalsont
6、heepidermisofneedles.ThispaperlaidthefoundationforanalysisofP.pungens’blue—colorneedles.Keywords:Piceapungens;blueneedles;epidermalstructure;waxcrystals北美云杉(Piceapungens)為松科(Pinaceae)云種或品種針葉呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)色,造成這種藍(lán)色的原因至今杉屬(Picea)常綠喬木,株高可達(dá)30m左右,樹冠呈沒有系統(tǒng)的報道。因此,為分析北美云杉針葉呈現(xiàn)圓錐形,葉色呈淡湖藍(lán)色,針葉長約2~3am;雌雄藍(lán)色的原因,利用英國皇家園
7、藝協(xié)會比色卡,測定北同株,球果長卵形,成熟時黃褐色至褐色。原產(chǎn)北美美云杉不同株齡實生苗以及北美云杉品種‘Glauca落基山中部的猶他州和科羅拉多州,在亞利桑那州Globosa’(P.pungens‘GlaucaGlobosa’)的針葉顏色,和新墨西哥州也有分布,緯度跨越34。一45。N(李愛并通過光學(xué)解剖鏡對藍(lán)色針葉和綠色針葉的形態(tài)進(jìn)平等,2006)。因其淡湖藍(lán)色的葉片極具觀賞價值,行了觀測和比較。結(jié)果顯示,針葉表面的覆蓋物直接國內(nèi)作為彩葉樹種進(jìn)行了引種,目前國內(nèi)僅對北美造成葉片呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)色。因