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1、www.buffettism.com巴菲特研究中心ResearchCentreforBuffettism巴菲特致股東的信1989年Buffett’sLettersToBerkshireShareholders1989Ourgaininnetworthduring1989was$1.515本公司1989年的凈值增加了15億1billion,or44.4%.Overthelast25years(that千5百萬美元,較去年增加了44.4%,is,sincepresentmanagementtookover)our過去25年以來(也就是自從現(xiàn)有經(jīng)
2、營per-sharebookvaluehasgrownfrom$19.46to階層接手后),每股凈值從19元成長$4,296.01,oratarateof23.8%compounded到現(xiàn)在的4,296美元,年復(fù)合成長率annually.約為23.8%。Whatcounts,however,isintrinsicvalue-the然而真正重要的還是實質(zhì)價值-這個figureindicatingwhatallofourconstituent數(shù)字代表組合我們企業(yè)所有份子合理businessesarerationallyworth.Withper
3、fect的價值,根據(jù)精準的遠見,這個數(shù)字foresight,thisnumbercanbecalculatedby可由企業(yè)未來預(yù)計的現(xiàn)金流量(包含takingallfuturecashflowsofabusiness-in流進與流出),并以現(xiàn)行的利率予以折andout-anddiscountingthematprevailing現(xiàn),不管是馬鞭的制造公司或是行動interestrates.Sovalued,allbusinesses,from電話的業(yè)者都可以在同等的地位上,manufacturersofbuggywhipstooperator
4、sof據(jù)以評估其經(jīng)濟價值。cellularphones,becomeeconomicequals.BackwhenBerkshire'sbookvaluewas$19.46,當伯克希爾的帳面價值是19.46美元intrinsicvaluewassomewhatlessbecausethe之時,由于主要的資產(chǎn)多屬于紡織事bookvaluewasentirelytiedupinatextile業(yè),所以實質(zhì)的價值大概比帳面價值businessnotworththefigureatwhichitwas要少一點,但時至今日我們企業(yè)的價carried.
5、Nowmostofourbusinessesareworthfar值卻早已較帳面價值多的多,這代表morethantheircarryingvalues.Thisagreeable著伯克希爾實質(zhì)價值成長的速度要比evolutionfromadiscounttoapremiummeansthat帳面價值每年平均23.8%的復(fù)合成長Berkshire'sintrinsicbusinessvaluehas率還要再高一些。compoundedataratethatsomewhatexceedsour23.8%annualgrowthinbookva
6、lue.Therear-viewmirrorisonething;thewindshield后照鏡是一回事,雨刷又是另外一回isanother.Alargeportionofourbookvalueis事,我們帳面價值大部分是反應(yīng)我們representedbyequitysecuritiesthat,with所持有的有價證券,而這些有價證券minorexceptions,arecarriedonourbalance除了少數(shù)的例外,又大多以市價在資sheetatcurrentmarketvalues.Atyearendthese產(chǎn)負債表上列示
7、,在去年年底這些有securitieswerevaluedathigherprices,價證券較之過去,又以比實質(zhì)價值呈relativetotheirownintrinsicbusinessvalues,現(xiàn)更高的價格,一方面當然是因為thanhasbeenthecaseinthepast.Onereason1989年股市的飆漲,另一方面則是這isthebuoyant1989stockmarket.Moreimportant,些有價證券的價值得到大家的認同,thevirtuesofthesebusinesseshavebeenwidely也就
8、是說過去他們的股價曾經(jīng)相當?shù)膔ecognized.Whereasoncetheirstockpriceswere低,但這種情況如今已不復(fù)存在。inappropriatelylow