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1、GenderStratificationSociology,TenthEditionGenderandInequalityGenderreferstopersonaltraitsandsocialpositionsthatmembersofasocietyattachtobeingfemaleandmaleGenderstratificationunequaldistributionofwealth,powerandprivilegebetweenmenandwomenMale-femalebiologicaldifferencesSociology
2、,TenthEditionGenderinaGlobalPerspectiveIsraelikibbutzimMargaretMead’sresearchGeorgeMurdock’sresearchGenderandcultureWhatitmeanstobemaleorfemaleismostlyacreationofsocietySociology,TenthEditionPatriarchyandSexismAformofsocialorganizationinwhichmalesdominatefemalesMatriarchySocial
3、dominancebywomenAformofsocialorganizationinwhichfemalesdominatemalesSexismBeliefthatonesexortheotherisinnatelyinferiororsuperiorInstitutionalsexismThecostsofsexismInevitabilityofpatriarchySociology,TenthEditionGlobalMap13-1Women’sPowerinGlobalPerspectiveSociology,TenthEditionGe
4、nderandtheFamilyIsitaboyorgirl?Color-codinggenderTraditionalnotionsofgenderidentityHandlingofchildrenFemale:passivityandemotionMale:independenceandactionSociology,TenthEditionGenderandPeerGroupsPlayinggamesJanetLever(1978)BoysfavorteamsportswithComplexrulesandclearobjectivesGir
5、lsteamsportsaredifferentGamesteachinterpersonalskillsandthevalueofsharingandcooperationCarolGilligan’sgenderbasedtheoryofmoralreasoning(1982)Schooling–educationalchoicesSociology,TenthEditionRoleofMediaWhitemaleshavecenterstageMinoritiesofallkindslockedoutWomenreceiverolesbased
6、onsexappealAdvertisingsomechangesThe“beautymyth”Sociology,TenthEditionSocialStratificationAlmost60%ofallwomenworkAdministrativesupportandservicesectorjobsmakeupthetypeofworkdoneby50%ofallworkingwomenWomenholdprimaryresponsibilityforhouseholddutiesOnaverage,womenearn73centsforev
7、erydollarearnedbymen(2000)LargelyduetokindofworkdoneandfamilyresponsibilitiesCorporatewomenandtheglassceilingRecently,12%ofrichestAmericansidentifiedbyForbeswerewomenSociology,TenthEditionFigure13-2MenandWomenintheU.S.LaborForceSociology,TenthEditionEducation,Politics&MilitaryG
8、enderandeducation56%ofallassociateandbachelordegreesar
