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1、GroupingbyGender,Age,CommonInterestandClassChapter11WhatPrinciplesdoPeopleUsetoOrganizeSocieties?Besideskinshipandmarriage,peoplegroupthemselvesbyage,commoninterest,gender,andclassorsocialrankwithinasocietytodealwithproblemsnotconvenientlyhandledbymarriage,the
2、familyand/orhousehold,descentgroup,orkindred.GroupingbyAgeAgeGrade:Categoriesbasedonage(usuallyofthesamesex)widelyusedmeansoforganizingpeopleinsocieties,includingthoseofEuropeandNorthAmerica.(i.e.infant,boy,girl,youngman,youngwoman,man,woman,senior,elder)–also
3、-(freshman,sophomore,junior,seniorincollege.)Aspecifictimeisoftenrituallyestablishedformovingfromayoungertoanolderagegrade.AgeSets—peoplebornaroundthesametimewhomovethroughage-gradecategoriestogether.(i.e.GenerationsareAgeSets.The“babyboomer”generation(AgeSet)
4、movedthroughtheagegradesof:infants,toddlers,youngmen/women,men/women,seniors,together.)(i.e.everyonebornintheyear“1990”wouldbeanAgeSettoo,goingthroughsimilaragegradesasabove).AgeGrouping:TirikiEthnographicExamplefromNyanzaProvince,KenyaSevennamedagesetspassthr
5、oughfoursuccessiveagegrades.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Us6TqBX_qEkGoogleMaplink:http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=Nyanza+Province,+Kenya&sll=-8.010276,-53.102417&sspn=1.528474,2.90863&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Nyanza+Province,+Kenya&ll=-0
6、.527336,34.453125&spn=12.324284,23.269043&t=p&z=6Eachagesetembracesa15-yearspanandopenstoacceptnewinitiatesevery105years.Inprinciple,thesystemresemblesourcollegeclasses.AgeGradesEthnographicExfromKenya (Serengetiarea)MaasaisubclansofwesternKenyaattheopeningpar
7、adeoftheelaborateeunotoceremony,markingthecomingofageofmorans(warriors).Attheendoftheceremony,thesemenwillbeinthenextagegrade—junioradults—readytomarryandstartfamilies.Alsohavea3-dayinitiationceremonyintoanelderhoodagegrade:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mByW
8、8hsCXE(10min)GroupingbyGenderSeparatesmenandwomentovaryingdegreesindifferentsocieties.Ex:DivisionofLaborandspheres(fromCh.8):Flexible/IntegratedDualSexSegregatedInsomesocieties,the
