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1、EnglishLanguageTeachingintheGrammar-TranslationMethodandCommunicativeLanguageTeachingComparativeStudy1.Introduction1.1ABriefHistoryofForeignLanguageTeachingintheWest.ThehistoryofForeignLanguageTeachinghasbeensummedupasfollows:600yearsago,themostimportantforeignlanguagetaughtandlearne
2、dinWesternEuropewasLatin.Betweenthe17thandtheearly19thcenturies,"modern"languagesuchasEnglish,FrenchandGermanbegantobetaughtinmanyschoolsanduniversities,themainteachingmethodadoptedwasGrammarTranslationMethodwhichwasthemethodofteachingLatin.Theaimwastoteachstudentstounderstand(readan
3、dtranslate)thewrittenlanguage.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyLinguistsandlanguageteachersbegantocooperatetoresearchamethodologyforforeignlanguageteachingthatwouldbebasedonascientificstudyoflanguageandastudyofhowpeoplelearned.InBritainintheReformMovement,linguistsemphasizedthestudyofp
4、honeticsandinthe1880sdesignedtheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA).Thatmeantthat,forthefirsttime,thesoundsofalllanguagescouldbesystematicallycompared.InFranceandGermanyduringthesameperiod,TheDirectMethod,wasdeveloped.Bytheearly20thcenturytheDirectMethodhadbeenofficiallyadoptedinFrenc
5、handGermanschools.WhentheUSAenteredtheSecondWorldWaritsuddenlybecameclearthatoralskillsinforeignlanguageswerenecessary.TheauthoritiesturnedtotheStructuralLinguiststoseekforascientificdescriptionoflanguageandtotheBehavioristPsychologistsforascientificdescriptionoflearning.Theresultoft
6、heircooperationbecameknownastheAudio-lingualMethod.Inthe1950sand1960s,theOralandSituationalMethodsparallelingtheAudio-lingualMethod,developedinBritainasaresultofdecadesofworkbyBritishlinguists.Inthe1970sand1980s,developedfromthesemethods,cametheCommunicativeApproachoflanguageteaching
7、.Thisapproachrecognizesthatlearnersneedtoknowthegrammaticalrulesofthelanguage,butstressesthatthepurposeoflearningsuchrulesistobeabletodothings,toperformfunctions.Mostrecently,thegreateremphasisonlearnersasindividualswhohavedifferentneeds,differentpersonalitiesanddifferentlearningstyl
8、eshasledtoth
