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1、第六章:漢英句子翻譯技巧(下)一、教學(xué)目的:要求熟練理解句子的翻譯技巧,從而在漢英翻譯時(shí)做到通順、準(zhǔn)確。二、教學(xué)過程:重譯法語態(tài)變換法無主句譯法翻譯練習(xí)7.無主句譯法ChineseandEnglishhavedifferentsystemsofsubjectsandpredicates.SubjectsinEnglishareusuallyassumedbynouns,nounphrasesorstructuresthathavesimilarfunctionslikenominalclauses,butinChinesebyalotofot
2、herelements.ThefollowingisalistoftheelementsthatactassubjectsinChinese.MorecanbegotintheNote.nounsornounphrasesassubjects春天過去了。一本五毛錢。工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)得到了大發(fā)展。長(zhǎng)江一帶是水稻產(chǎn)區(qū)。(2)verbsorverbphrasesassubjects說比做容易。堅(jiān)持下去就是順利。專心地聽才能聽懂。吃苦,他不怕。(3)Adjectivesoradjectivephrasesassubjects勤儉是一種美德。甜滋滋的,挺好吃
3、。A.Addingsubjects:SinceanEnglishsentenceusuallyrequiresasubject,thetranslatorcanaddthesubjectthatisomittedintheChineseoriginalwhenhetranslatesaChinesesubjectlesssentence.Forinstance,(1)你一旦開始,就必須繼續(xù)下去。Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(amplification)(2)活到老,學(xué)到老。Oneisnevertoooldtole
4、arn.B.Usingtheemptysubject“it”:“It”inEnglishisalwaysusedforweather,time,andsomeothernaturalphenomena.SomeoftheChinesesubjectlesssentencesdescribingnaturalphenomenaortimecanbetranslatedintoEnglishsentenceswith“it”beingthesubject.(3)十點(diǎn)鐘了,他還沒有回來。It'steno'clocknow.Hedidn'tretur
5、nhomeyet.(4)下雨了,我們快走吧。It'srainingnow;let'shurryup.[1][2][3][4][5][6]C.TranslatingintoEnglishpassivesentences(5).必須保重產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。Thequalityofproductmustbeguaranteed.(6).去年發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種稀有元素。Arareelementwasfoundlastyear.(7).封面上印著一個(gè)獵人的像。Thefigureofahunterwasprintedonthecover.D.Translatinginto
6、English“Therebe”or“It+be…+to…”structure(9).現(xiàn)在很難說誰對(duì)誰錯(cuò)。Atthemomentitisdifficulttotellwhoisrightandwhoiswrong.(10).除了槍聲,再?zèng)]有其他聲音了。Therewasnosoundbutthatofgunfire.(11).在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的實(shí)踐中,已經(jīng)涌現(xiàn)了大批的優(yōu)秀人才。Therehaveemergedalargenumberoftalentedpersonsineconomicconstruction.(12).不努力就不會(huì)成功。Therei
7、snosuccesswithouteffort.E.TranslatingintoEnglishimperativesentences(13).請(qǐng)大聲點(diǎn)!Louder,please.此處不準(zhǔn)抽煙!Nosmoking!(14).中華人民共和國(guó)萬歲!LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!(15).忠誠(chéng)黨的教育事業(yè)。BeloyaltotheParty'seducationalcause.(16).對(duì)什么人說什么話。Speakdifferentwordstodifferentpeople.困難克服了,工作完成了,問題也
8、解決了。要制造飛機(jī),就必須仔細(xì)考慮空氣阻力問題。推薦我的是一位教授。接見他的是一位秘書??礃淇垂麑?shí),看人看作為。課堂練習(xí):請(qǐng)將下列句子翻譯成英語,并體會(huì)無主句的翻譯