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1、奶牛生產(chǎn)性能測定(DHI)(一)體細胞計數(shù)的應(yīng)用牛奶體細胞通常由巨噬細胞、淋巴細胞和多形核嗜中性白細胞(PMN)等組成。正常情況下,牛奶中的體細胞數(shù)一般在20萬個/mL-30萬個/mL。當(dāng)乳房受到外傷或者發(fā)生疾?。ㄈ缛榉垦椎龋r體細胞數(shù)就會迅速增加。如果體細胞數(shù)超過50萬個/mL,就導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)奶量下降。測量牛奶體細胞數(shù)的變化有助于及早發(fā)現(xiàn)乳房損傷或感染、預(yù)防治療乳腺炎,同時還可降低治療費用,減少牛只的淘汰,增加產(chǎn)奶能力。因此,體細胞數(shù)反映了牛奶產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量以及牛只的健康狀況,也是奶牛乳房健康水平的重要標志。1、奶牛理想的體細胞數(shù):第1胎≤15萬/ml第2胎≤25萬/
2、ml第3胎≤30萬/ml影響體細胞數(shù)變化的主要因素有:病原微生物對乳腺組織感染、應(yīng)激、環(huán)境、氣候、泌乳天數(shù)、遺傳、胎次等,其中致病菌影響最大。臨床乳房炎的發(fā)生,將會損失20%~70%的奶量,個別牛只甚至?xí)o乳汁分泌。例如:一個牛場有泌乳牛300頭,體細胞數(shù)平均40萬/ml,一年僅奶產(chǎn)量損失的費用就可達4.5萬元(假設(shè)頭胎牛占25%,奶價2.2元/千克),這其中還不包括因乳腺炎造成的其它損失,如乳房永久性破壞、牛只間相互傳染、頭胎牛過早干奶與淘汰、獸藥費、抗生素殘留奶、原料奶質(zhì)量下降等,約占總費用的36%。accident,assistinthedevelopm
3、entofcorrectiveprogrammesandfollow,verify,recordandfeedbackinatimelymanner.Responsiblefortheoverallqualitymanagement,guidingprojectQCgroupactivities.7,theMinistryofplanningandfinance:withalltheresponsiblefortheproject'scontractmanager.Includingcurtainpileandboredpileconstruction.14,
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7、goodnighttimepowerprotection.Attimesofpeaklaborthroughstrengthenedstaffdeploymentwithinthecompany,toenhancetheengineeringstaffto2、體細胞數(shù)對奶牛乳房健康及牛奶品質(zhì)的影響:測定牛奶體細胞,是判斷乳房炎輕重的有力手段,特別是能預(yù)示隱性乳房炎。奶牛一旦患有乳房炎,產(chǎn)奶量、奶的質(zhì)量都會有相應(yīng)的變化。患乳房炎的奶牛其乳腺組織的泌乳能力下降,達不到遺傳潛力的產(chǎn)奶峰值,并對干奶牛的治療花費較大。如果能有效的避免乳房炎,就可達到高的產(chǎn)奶峰值,獲得巨
8、大的經(jīng)濟回報?;既榉垦椎哪膛K置诘呐?/p>