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1、第27卷第10期生命科學(xué)Vol.27,No.102015年10月ChineseBulletinofLifeSciencesOct.,2015DOI:10.13376/j.cbls/2015174文章編號(hào):1004-0374(2015)10-1255-06MicroRNAs調(diào)控干細(xì)胞的誘導(dǎo)與分化1,21*蔣豆蔻,李富榮(1暨南大學(xué)第二臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院(深圳市人民醫(yī)院)干細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞治療重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,深圳518020;2暨南大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院病理學(xué)與病理生理學(xué)系,廣州510632)摘 要:干細(xì)胞根據(jù)其所處的發(fā)育階段可分為胚胎干細(xì)胞(embryonicstemcell,ESC
2、s)和成體干細(xì)胞(somaticstemcell),具有自我復(fù)制能力和多向分化潛能,因此,被認(rèn)為可修復(fù)、重建組織器官。近年有大量研究致力于誘導(dǎo)干細(xì)胞分化為各種成體細(xì)胞,但誘導(dǎo)過(guò)程繁瑣與分化效率低下一直困擾著科研人員。MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是在真核生物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一類內(nèi)源性的具有調(diào)控功能的非編碼RNA,其大小長(zhǎng)約20~25個(gè)核苷酸。研究表明miRNA可通過(guò)抑制干細(xì)胞靶mRNA序列的翻譯或者降解靶mRNA來(lái)調(diào)控干細(xì)胞的誘導(dǎo)與分化。因此,調(diào)控miRNAs的表達(dá)水平可影響分化過(guò)程?,F(xiàn)就miRNA調(diào)控干細(xì)胞向成體細(xì)胞分化的研究現(xiàn)狀和機(jī)制作一綜述。關(guān)鍵詞:
3、microRNAs;干細(xì)胞;誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞;分化中圖分類號(hào):Q254;Q522文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:AMicroRNAsregulatetheinductionanddifferentiationofstemcellsJIANGDou-Kou1,2,LIFu-Rong1*(1TheKeyLaboratoryofStemCellandCellularTherapy,TheSecondClinicalMedicalCollege(ShenzhenPeople’sHospital)ofJinanUniversity,Shenzhen518020,China;2Depa
4、rtmentofPathologyandPathophysiology,JinanUniversity,Guangzhou510632,China)Abstract:Accordingtothedevelopmentalstage,stemcellswiththecapacityofself-renewalandmultilineagedifferentiation,canbedividedintoembryonicstemcellsandsomaticstemcells.Itisgenerallyconsideredthatstemcellscanr
5、epairtissuesandorgans.Inrecentyears,thereisalargeamountofresearchoninducingstemcellsintoallkindsofsomaticstemcells,buttheresearchershasbeenplaguedbycomplicatedinductionprocessandlowdifferentiationefficiency.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are20~25nucleotide(nt)endogenoussmallnon-codingRNAsthat
6、negativelyregulategeneexpressionineukaryote.RecentstudieshaveshownthatmiRNAcanrepressthetranslationoftargetmRNAsordegradeittoregulatetheinductionanddifferentiationofstemcells,thusregulatingtheexpressionlevelsofmiRNAscanaffectthedifferentiationprocess.Inthispaper,theresearchstatu
7、sandmechanismofmiRNAsinsomaticstemcellswerereviewed.Keywords:microRNAs;stemcells;inducedpluripotentstemcell;differentiationMicroRNA(miRNA)是片段長(zhǎng)度為20~25核苷pre-miRNA通過(guò)質(zhì)核轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白Exportin5和Ran-酸(nt)的非編碼單鏈RNA分子,參與轉(zhuǎn)錄后基因GTP由細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至細(xì)胞質(zhì)。在細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi),經(jīng)過(guò)表達(dá)調(diào)控。microRNA的成熟經(jīng)過(guò)以下階段:初級(jí)Dicer酶的剪切加工,pre-miRNA被剪切成成
8、熟的轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物(pri-miRNA)→前體miRNA(pre-miRNA)→收稿日期:2015-