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1、Lecture3(continued)嚴(yán)復(fù)（1854—1921）ApioneerinseekingtruthfromtheWestandthefirstChinesewhosystematicallyintroducedWesternlearningtoChinainmodernChinesehistory.中國近代史上向西方國家尋找真理的“先進(jìn)的中國人”之一。我國近代史上第一個(gè)把西方資本主義經(jīng)典著作系統(tǒng)地介紹到中國來的人。EightfamoustranslationsbyYanFu:言譯八大名著：1)EvolutionandEthicsbyThomasHenryHuxley（《天演
2、論》赫胥黎原著）,translatedin1895andpublishedin1898,whichbroughthiminstantsuccessandmadehisnameknownalloverChina.Itpromulgatedtheideologyofsocialevolutionthat“thefittestsurvivesinthenaturalselection”andthat“thesuperiorisselectedwhiletheinferioriseliminated.揭示“物競天擇、適者生存，優(yōu)勝劣汰”的社會進(jìn)化思想Beingfirsttheoretical
3、workonphilosophyintroducedintoChina,TianyanLunexertedafarandwideinfluenceamongChinesepeopleandbecamethetheoreticalfoundationforthereformersinsearchoftruthofsavingthenationfromextinction.近代引進(jìn)的第一部哲學(xué)理論著作,成為當(dāng)時(shí)維新派救國圖存的重要理論基礎(chǔ)。2)AnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNationsbyAdamSmith(orshortene
4、dWealthofNations《原富》亞當(dāng)·斯密原著），thefirsttranslatedworkoneconomicsinmodern-timeChina;3)TheStudyofSociologybyHerbertSpenser(《群學(xué)肄言》斯賓塞),amasterworkonsociology；4)AHistoryofPoliticsbyE.Jenks(《社會通詮》甄克斯),amasterworkonsociology;5)SystemofLogicbyJohnStuartMill(《穆勒名學(xué)》),afamousworkonlogics;6.LogicbyWilliamSt
5、anleyJevons(《名學(xué)淺說》（后改名《名學(xué)》，耶芳斯)，amasterworkonlogics;7).TheSpiritoftheLawbyMontesquieu(《法意》孟德斯鳩)，aclassicalworkonthescienceoflaw;8)OnLibertybyJohnStuartMill(《群己權(quán)界論》約翰·穆勒)，animportantworkonbourgeoisiepoliticalscience;Thesubjectofthesetranslationsincludepolitics,economy,philosophy,law,ethics,socio
6、logy,etc.involvingvariousfieldsofsocialsciences.內(nèi)容囊括政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、哲學(xué)、法律、倫理、社會學(xué)等諸多社科領(lǐng)域。Theywerecalled“EightfamoustranslatedworksbyYanFu”inChinesetranslationhistory.嚴(yán)譯“八大名著”或嚴(yán)譯“八經(jīng)”。Withaclearpurpose,YanFuwasveryselectiveastowhattotranslate.WhathetranslatedandintroducedintoChinawasthequintessenceoftheWest
7、ernlearning,andhistranslatedworksputtogether,constitutedarelativelyintegralideologicalsystemofadministeringacountry.嚴(yán)復(fù)所選擇的這些書都是西學(xué)的精髓，這些著作合在一起，可以構(gòu)成一個(gè)相對完整的治國的思想體系。HeselectedEvolutionandEthicsfortranslationwiththepurposeofmakingtheCh
